【摘要】：煤炭是內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)的重要的能源,煤炭開采加速了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,同時(shí)引起的環(huán)境問題加重了內(nèi)蒙古脆弱生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境惡化。在內(nèi)蒙古西部地區(qū)煤炭的露天開采不僅破壞了當(dāng)?shù)卦械牡孛埠椭脖弧⒁饑?yán)重的水土流失和土地沙化,而且形成了大面積的裸露排土場。因此,排土場的治理及植被建設(shè)是礦區(qū)土地復(fù)墾的重要內(nèi)容之一。 本文以內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯準(zhǔn)格爾旗的哈爾烏素露天煤礦為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)排土場復(fù)墾種植的油松(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.)進(jìn)行野外接種外生菌根真菌(Ectomycorrhizal fungi, ECM fungi)的試驗(yàn),同時(shí)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下進(jìn)行油松苗接種試驗(yàn)。研究外生菌根真菌對(duì)排土場土壤種植植物的生長及其土壤因子的影響,為露天煤礦排土場植被恢復(fù)與生態(tài)建設(shè)提供理論與實(shí)踐依據(jù)。主要的研究結(jié)果如下： (1)對(duì)排土場種植的油松、樟子松苗木接種外生菌根真菌牛肝菌(Suillus collinitus)-99菌株,結(jié)果顯示油松、樟子松的菌根侵染率、植物的存活率均有提高但未達(dá)到顯著差異水平；接菌改善了油松、樟子松根際土壤環(huán)境,提高了土壤全氮、速效磷、速效鉀和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量；接菌提高了油松、樟子松根際土壤細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌等微生物的數(shù)量,以及土壤脲酶、過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶、堿性磷酸酶的活性。 (2)實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下,取排土場土壤種植油松苗并接種牛肝菌-99和褐環(huán)乳牛肝菌(S. luteus)菌株,接菌顯著增加了油松幼苗的鮮重、干重、菌根依懶性(P0.05),并顯著提高了油松幼苗葉綠素含量和光合特性(P0.05)。接菌使油松幼苗根際土壤全氮、速效磷、速效鉀和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量顯著增加(P0.05),接菌顯著提高了油松幼苗根際土壤中的細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌數(shù)量(P0.05),以及土壤脲酶、過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶、堿性磷酸酶和總磷酸酶的活性(P0.05),其中褐環(huán)乳牛肝菌的接種效果好于牛肝菌。 (3)接種外生菌根真菌促進(jìn)了油松、樟子松的生長,菌根技術(shù)有利于排土場植被恢復(fù),有較好的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Coal is an important energy source in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region. Coal mining accelerates the rapid development of regional economy and causes environmental problems to aggravate the environmental deterioration of the fragile ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. The open-pit coal mining in the western region of Inner Mongolia not only destroyed the original landform and vegetation, caused serious soil erosion and land desertification, but also formed a large area of bare dump. Therefore, the treatment of dump and vegetation construction is one of the important contents of land reclamation in mining area. Taking Halwusu opencast coal mine in Zhungeer Banner of Ordos, Inner Mongolia as the research object, the (Pinus sylvestris var. of Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.), cultivated in waste yard was reclaimed and planted in this paper. Mongolica Litv.) Field inoculation of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi (Ectomycorrhizal fungi, ECM fungi) and inoculation of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings under laboratory conditions were carried out. The effects of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and soil factors of soil planting plants in dump were studied in order to provide theoretical and practical basis for vegetation restoration and ecological construction in open pit dump. The main results were as follows: (1) the seedlings of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were inoculated with exogenous mycorrhizal fungus (Suillus collinitus)-99. The results showed that the mycorrhizal infection rate of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was detected. The survival rate of plants increased but not reached the significant difference level. The rhizosphere soil environment of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was improved, and the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were increased. The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and the activities of urease, catalase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase in soil were increased. (2) under laboratory conditions, the fresh weight, dry weight and mycorrhizal laziness of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were significantly increased when the soil was inoculated with Boletus-99 and (S. luteus) strain (P0.05). The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were significantly increased (P0.05). The contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in rhizosphere soil of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were significantly increased (P0.05), and the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings was significantly increased (P0.05). And the activities of urease, catalase, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and total phosphatase in soil (P0.05). (3) inoculation of exogenous mycorrhizal fungi promoted the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mycorrhizal technique was beneficial to the restoration of vegetation in waste dump and had a good application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：Q949.32

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