【摘要】：1978年，十一屆三中全會(huì)提出了改革開放政策，我國開始了由傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)型。改革開放以來，我國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)取得了一個(gè)又一個(gè)的重大突破。在現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展中，農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移是我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中急需解決的問題，與農(nóng)民密切相關(guān)的土地制度加大了農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)會(huì)成本，成為束縛農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移和推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化的重要因素。我國現(xiàn)行的社會(huì)制度具有典型的二元性，缺點(diǎn)是就是沒有考慮農(nóng)民工實(shí)際需要，導(dǎo)致這一群體難以享受到全面的社會(huì)保障紅利。我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移既是現(xiàn)存制度的產(chǎn)物，又不斷催生制度變革。進(jìn)一步改革和完善影響我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)制度政策，加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程，對從根本上解決“三農(nóng)”問題具有重要意義。 首先，分析考察改革開放以來我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的制度背景，回顧總結(jié)我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的制度演變過程，研究制度因素的影響機(jī)理。分析了我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的制度背景、制度演變和制度影響過程。農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力向非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè)和城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移，具有世界各國工業(yè)化、城市化進(jìn)程中帶有普遍性的規(guī)律。我國的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移是在二元經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的推動(dòng)和市場經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的拉動(dòng)下發(fā)生的，先后經(jīng)歷了農(nóng)村改革的起始階段、市場經(jīng)濟(jì)制度確立與完善階段和統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施階段，其中相關(guān)的制度政策發(fā)揮著重要的影響作用。尤其是在土地制度、戶籍制度、就業(yè)制度、社會(huì)保障制度，對農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移，特別是農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程影響最大。 其次，從影響我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的主要制度因素分析入手，探索土地、戶籍、就業(yè)和社會(huì)保障制度等方面對農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的具體影響。制度設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)在于對土地制度、戶籍制度、就業(yè)制度、社會(huì)保障制度的不斷改革與完善。我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移還存在著產(chǎn)業(yè)、行業(yè)和地區(qū)分布結(jié)構(gòu)失衡導(dǎo)致的轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)構(gòu)失衡問題，造成農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的結(jié)構(gòu)性“短缺”與“過�！�、轉(zhuǎn)移成本上升和轉(zhuǎn)移速度變緩的問題，必須通過促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)布局調(diào)整步伐和實(shí)施農(nóng)村轉(zhuǎn)移勞動(dòng)力資源開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略等政策的完善，解決好轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)構(gòu)失衡的問題。 最后，對影響我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的主要制度因素，如戶籍制度、土地制度、就業(yè)制度和社會(huì)保障制度等方面，研究提出改革完善與創(chuàng)新方案。第一，在土地制度方面，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)推進(jìn)土地產(chǎn)權(quán)制度的改革、土地流轉(zhuǎn)制度的改革和農(nóng)村土地征用制度的改革；第二，在戶籍制度方面，進(jìn)一步明確了戶籍制度改革的目標(biāo)和原則，提出了完善戶籍制度改革的配套措施和辦法，設(shè)計(jì)了采取低門檻，漸進(jìn)式的戶籍制度改革路線；第三，在就業(yè)制度方面，提出了完善公共就業(yè)信息服務(wù)制度、完善勞動(dòng)力市場管理規(guī)范制度、完善農(nóng)民工教育培訓(xùn)制度和完善農(nóng)民工權(quán)益保障制度的創(chuàng)新思路；第四，在社會(huì)保障制度方面，設(shè)計(jì)了分層分類實(shí)施保障，分步分階段推進(jìn)保障和改進(jìn)完善社會(huì)保障關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)辦法的相關(guān)措施。 制度變遷是一連串連鎖反應(yīng)的軌跡。從人類發(fā)展史來看，制度變遷更像是一種自發(fā)秩序和利益主體有意構(gòu)建相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。傳統(tǒng)制度向現(xiàn)代制度轉(zhuǎn)型是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的重要內(nèi)容，順暢的體制轉(zhuǎn)型不僅來自經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)各要素的有效配合，也會(huì)對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型形成新的合力，推動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)型成功。農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移牽涉到大量的制度因素，制度轉(zhuǎn)型既是農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移推動(dòng)的結(jié)果，也會(huì)推動(dòng)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力新轉(zhuǎn)移，形成更為合理的勞動(dòng)力資源配置結(jié)構(gòu)。有效的制度框架是激勵(lì)勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的主要機(jī)制，而低效的制度體系則構(gòu)成束縛勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的主要障礙，中國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力政策及制度形成了中國獨(dú)有的轉(zhuǎn)型路徑。 本文以我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的制度完善為研究視角，以發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論、制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo)，考察分析了制度因素在我國農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)程中的影響作用，旨在進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新土地制度、戶籍制度、就業(yè)制度和產(chǎn)業(yè)政策、城鎮(zhèn)化戰(zhàn)略，為有效推動(dòng)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移有序、平穩(wěn)和持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)移，，加快農(nóng)民工市民化進(jìn)程提供制度政策保障。本文的研究將有助于豐富和完善農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移的理論研究體系，對各地促進(jìn)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移和農(nóng)民工市民化工作有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:In 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee put forward the reform and opening-up policy, and our country began to transform from the traditional planned economy to the market economy. Since the reform and opening-up, China's modernization has made a further major breakthrough. In the development of modernization, the transfer of rural labor force is a problem that needs to be solved in the development of our country. The land system closely related to the peasants has increased the opportunity cost of the transfer of the surplus labor force in the countryside, and becomes an important factor for the transfer of the rural labor force and the promotion of the urbanization. The present social system of our country has the typical duality, the disadvantage is that the actual needs of the migrant workers are not taken into account, and this group is difficult to enjoy the comprehensive social security dividend. The transfer of rural labor force in China is not only the product of the existing system, but also the reform of the system. It is of great significance to further reform and improve the relevant system policies that affect the transfer of rural labor force in our country, and to accelerate the process of promoting the people's urbanization in the rural areas. First of all, the paper analyzes the system background of the rural labor force transfer in our country since the reform and opening-up, and then reviews the system evolution process of the rural labor force transfer in China, and the influence machine of the study system factors. The paper analyses the system background, system evolution and system influence of the rural labor force transfer in China. (a) The transfer of rural labour to non-agricultural and urban areas, with universal norms in the industrialization of the world and the process of urbanization The rural labor transfer in China is taking place under the promotion of the dual economic system and the pulling of the market economy system, and has experienced the initial stage of the rural reform, the establishment and improvement of the market economy system and the implementation step of the coordinated development of the urban and rural areas The relevant system policy plays an important role. in particular in that land system, the household registration system, the employment system and the social security system, Secondly, from the analysis of the main institutional factors that affect the transfer of rural labor force in China, the paper probes into the use of land, household registration, employment and social security system to transfer the rural labor force. The system design focuses on the reform of the land system, the household registration system, the employment system and the social security system China's rural labor transfer also has the problem of the imbalance of the transfer structure caused by the unbalanced structure of the industry, the industry and the region, resulting in the structural 鈥渟hortage鈥

本文編號：2413014