【摘要】：皖北、蘇北、魯西南和豫東南的4省交界地區(qū),有以淮北平原為主的砂姜黑土、黃泛區(qū)為主的風沙鹽堿地等易旱易澇中低產(chǎn)田面積400萬hm~2以上,雖然處于南北過渡帶的黃淮南片,溫熱降水等自然資源條件較好,但因地理偏遠、交通不便,科技文化和社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相對落后,農(nóng)業(yè)高產(chǎn)潛力還未發(fā)揮。加快黃淮南片中低產(chǎn)田改造,建設(shè)黃淮南片第二糧倉,可以新增糧食50億kg,在區(qū)域現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展和保障我國糧食安全中具有重要作用。根據(jù)氣候變暖和綠色提質(zhì)增產(chǎn)增效的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展態(tài)勢,提出以下黃淮南片糧倉現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略:在種植業(yè)方面,第1是培育抗赤霉病的小麥品種,利用綜合防治措施減輕小麥赤霉病的危害;第2是培育耐旱耐澇、脫水快適合機械化粒收的玉米新品種并快速示范推廣;第3是擴大噸糧田建設(shè),確保黃淮南片和國家糧食安全。在區(qū)域治理方面,重點改造淮北砂姜黑土、黃泛區(qū)的風沙鹽堿地等易旱易澇區(qū)的中低產(chǎn)田,加強農(nóng)田排灌系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)投入,建設(shè)旱澇保收、林網(wǎng)路、渠井電配套的高標準農(nóng)田。在現(xiàn)代科技裝備方面,要加大農(nóng)機補貼,增加大中型農(nóng)機的數(shù)量,加強深翻深松農(nóng)機的示范推廣,普及農(nóng)作全程機械化。在綠色提質(zhì)增效方面,積極推行化肥農(nóng)藥減施,擴大環(huán)境友好型的綠色生物肥料制劑等應(yīng)用,加強秸稈還田和生物資源等循環(huán)高效利用。在科技教育方面,要擴大職業(yè)教育規(guī)模,培養(yǎng)知識農(nóng)民,專業(yè)服務(wù)工人,打造社會化服務(wù)的專業(yè)隊伍。在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方面,在皖北做強做大糧食品牌化生產(chǎn),在蘇北做大糧食規(guī)�；a(chǎn)和培育現(xiàn)代新型產(chǎn)業(yè),在魯西南做好農(nóng)林牧協(xié)同高效發(fā)展,在豫東南打造中國食品深加工的旗艦。在農(nóng)業(yè)信息化建設(shè)方面,加大"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+"農(nóng)業(yè)的普及,帶動訂單農(nóng)業(yè)、外銷農(nóng)業(yè)、觀光農(nóng)業(yè)等的快速發(fā)展。建議國家及早啟動黃淮南片第二糧倉重點科技專項,將黃淮南片糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)和經(jīng)濟塌陷區(qū)建設(shè)成為國家主體糧倉和農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟新興區(qū)及環(huán)境優(yōu)美的可持續(xù)發(fā)展區(qū)。
[Abstract]:In the four provinces of northern Anhui, northern Jiangsu, southwest Shandong and southeast Henan, there are sand and ginger black soil mainly in Huaibei Plain, and wind-sand saline-alkali land in the Yellow River flood area, which is prone to drought and waterlogging. The area of low-yield fields is more than 4 million hm~2. Although the Huang-Huainan plate in the north-south transitional zone has good natural resources conditions such as warm, hot and precipitation, it is relatively backward in the development of science, technology, culture and social economy because of the remoteness of geography and the inconvenience of transportation, and the potential of high yield of agriculture has not been brought into full play. Accelerating the transformation of middle and low yield fields in Huang-Huainan tablets and constructing the second granary of Huang-Huainan tablet can increase the grain 5 billion kg, and play an important role in the development of regional modern agriculture and the guarantee of food security in China. According to the development situation of modern agriculture with climate warming and green quality raising, increasing yield and increasing efficiency, the following modern agricultural development strategies are put forward: in planting, the first is to cultivate wheat varieties resistant to scab. Comprehensive control measures were used to reduce the harm of wheat scab. The second is to cultivate new maize varieties with drought tolerance, fast dehydration and mechanized grain harvesting, and the third is to expand the construction of tons of grain fields to ensure the safety of Huang-Huainan tablets and national grain. In the area of regional management, we should focus on the transformation of sand and ginger black soil in Huaibei, wind-sand and saline-alkali fields in the flooded areas of the Yellow River and other low-yielding fields in drought-prone and waterlogged areas, strengthen the basic input of farmland drainage and irrigation system, and build high standard farmland for drought and waterlogging conservation, forest network and power supply for canal wells. In the field of modern scientific and technological equipment, it is necessary to increase the subsidy of agricultural machinery, increase the number of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery, strengthen the demonstration and popularization of deep digging and deep loosening agricultural machinery, and popularize the mechanization of the whole course of farming. In the aspect of improving quality and increasing efficiency, we should actively implement chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction, expand the application of environment-friendly green bio-fertilizer preparation, and strengthen the recycling and efficient utilization of straw returning to the field and biological resources. In science and technology education, we should expand the scale of vocational education, train knowledge farmers, professional service workers, and build a professional team of socialized services. In terms of regional economic development, it is necessary to strengthen and expand grain brand production in northern Anhui, to make large-scale grain production in northern Jiangsu and to cultivate modern new industries, and to do a good job in the coordinated and efficient development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in the southwest of Shandong Province. Build the flagship of Chinese food processing in southeastern Henan. In the aspect of agricultural informatization construction, the popularization of "Internet" agriculture should be increased, and the rapid development of order agriculture, export agriculture and sightseeing agriculture will be promoted. It is suggested that the state should start the key science and technology project of the second granary of Huang-Huainan tablet as soon as possible, and build the main grain production area and the economic collapse area of the Huang-Huainan slice into the main state granary, the new agricultural economy area and the sustainable development area with beautiful environment.
【作者單位】： 中國科學院遺傳與發(fā)育生物學研究所農(nóng)業(yè)資源研究中心;中國科學院科技促進發(fā)展局;安徽省同豐種業(yè);
【基金】：“糧豐工程”重點專項(2016YFD0300105) 中國科學院科技服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)計劃(STS計劃)項目(KFJ-EW-STS-083)資助~~
【分類號】：F326.11

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