循化孟達(dá)國家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾狀況遙感監(jiān)測研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-25 15:40
【摘要】：自然保護(hù)區(qū)是人類為了保持生態(tài)平衡,保護(hù)珍稀動(dòng)植物及其賴以生存的自然環(huán)境而建立的保護(hù)性的區(qū)域。它為人類提供生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的天然“本底”,提供科學(xué)試驗(yàn)的研究場所,對(duì)于人類意義重大。然而,由于自然保護(hù)區(qū)的保護(hù)力度不夠,人類活動(dòng)對(duì)保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境干擾加劇。因此,對(duì)自然保護(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾進(jìn)行監(jiān)測進(jìn)而分析其動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律,對(duì)自然保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)狀況監(jiān)管及其周邊區(qū)域環(huán)境保護(hù)措施的指定都具有重大意義。為了加強(qiáng)對(duì)自然保護(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾信息的監(jiān)測,論文采用高分辨率衛(wèi)星影像作為數(shù)據(jù)源,在分析各種監(jiān)測手段優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了一套基于面向?qū)ο蟮淖匀槐Ｗo(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾信息提取方法。用該方法提取了循化孟達(dá)自然保護(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾信息,并取得了較高的精度,其中總體精度達(dá)89.14%,kappa系數(shù)達(dá)0.82,滿足研究需求。論文以此基礎(chǔ)對(duì)循化孟達(dá)國家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾空間分布及其動(dòng)態(tài)變化進(jìn)行了分析。通過現(xiàn)狀分析發(fā)現(xiàn):循化孟達(dá)自然保護(hù)區(qū)2012年人類活動(dòng)干擾面積達(dá)5.83平方千米,2014年達(dá)4.45平方千米,分別占保護(hù)區(qū)總面積的3.41%和2.60%。循化孟達(dá)自然保護(hù)區(qū)2012年和2014年人類活動(dòng)干擾都保持在較低水平。通過變化分析發(fā)現(xiàn)2012年到2014年循化孟達(dá)自然保護(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾總體上減少,但在局部地區(qū)—核心區(qū)增加。這些說明循化孟達(dá)自然保護(hù)區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境在2012年到2014年基本保持良好。為了進(jìn)一步探究循化孟達(dá)自然保護(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾總體上有所減少,保護(hù)區(qū)核心區(qū)的人類活動(dòng)有所增加的原因,論文結(jié)合區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r推測出核心區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾增加的原因是該保護(hù)區(qū)既屬于生態(tài)環(huán)境類型的自然保護(hù)區(qū)又屬于公園型的保護(hù)區(qū);青海省及循化縣對(duì)旅游的重視和投入,以及循化孟達(dá)自然保護(hù)區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的完善,使得該保護(hù)區(qū)的旅游人口增加。為了進(jìn)一步探索循化孟達(dá)自然保護(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾分布規(guī)律,論文利用自相關(guān)分析的方法分析了面積發(fā)生變化的人類活動(dòng)干擾之間的相關(guān)性,其結(jié)果表明人類活動(dòng)干擾不同類型之間呈顯著聚類,而與其自身的相關(guān)性微弱,呈離散分布。說明這些人類活動(dòng)干擾以組團(tuán)的形式散布于保護(hù)區(qū)之中。為了將研究結(jié)果應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐,并服務(wù)于環(huán)境保護(hù)部門,論文最后結(jié)合自然保護(hù)區(qū)評(píng)價(jià)的相關(guān)知識(shí)建立了人類活動(dòng)干擾動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測模型。在運(yùn)用GIS組件開發(fā)技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,研發(fā)了循化孟達(dá)國家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)人類活動(dòng)干擾監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的主要功能有:分割、分類、現(xiàn)狀統(tǒng)計(jì)、變化統(tǒng)計(jì)、變化分析等自然保護(hù)區(qū)模塊功能;以及制作專題圖、簡報(bào)、業(yè)務(wù)化等業(yè)務(wù)功能。
[Abstract]:Nature reserve is a protective area established by human beings in order to maintain ecological balance, protect rare animals and plants and the natural environment on which they live. It provides the natural "background" for human ecosystem and the research place for scientific experiment, which is of great significance to human beings. However, due to the insufficient protection of nature reserves, human activities on the ecological environment of the reserve intensified. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the disturbance of human activities in nature reserve and analyze its dynamic change law, which is of great significance to the regulation of ecological environment protection situation of nature reserve and the designation of environmental protection measures in the surrounding area. In order to strengthen the monitoring of the disturbance information of human activities in nature reserves, high resolution satellite image is used as the data source, and on the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various monitoring methods, A set of object-oriented information extraction method for human activities interference in nature reserves is proposed. By using this method, the interference information of human activities in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua was extracted, and a high precision was obtained, in which the overall accuracy was 89.14 and the coefficient of kappa was 0.82which met the research needs. On this basis, the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of human activities disturbance in Mengda National Nature Reserve of Xunhua are analyzed. It is found that the disturbance area of human activities in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua reached 5.83 square km in 2012 and 4.45 square km in 2014, accounting for 3.41% and 2.60% of the total area of the reserve, respectively. The Munda Nature Reserve in Xunhua remained at low levels in 2012 and 2014. From 2012 to 2014, the disturbance of human activities in Munda Nature Reserve of Xunhua decreased, but increased in the local area and core area. These indicate that the ecological environment of Mengda Nature Reserve in Xunhua was basically good from 2012 to 2014. In order to further explore the reasons for the decrease in human activities in the Munda Nature Reserve in Xunhua and the increase in human activities in the core areas of the reserves, Combined with the regional economic development, the paper infer that the reason of the increase of human activities in the core area is that the nature reserve belongs to the ecological environment type nature reserve as well as the park type nature reserve, and Qinghai and Xunhua counties attach importance to and invest in tourism. And Xunhua Mengda Nature Reserve infrastructure improvement, so that the tourist population increased. In order to further explore the distribution law of human activity disturbance in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua, this paper analyzes the correlation between the disturbance of human activities with changing area by means of autocorrelation analysis. The results show that there is a significant clustering between different types of human activity interference, but the correlation with human activity is weak and discrete distribution. These anthropogenic disturbances are scattered in protected areas in the form of clusters. In order to apply the research results to practice and serve the environmental protection department, the dynamic monitoring model of human activity disturbance is established by combining with the relevant knowledge of nature reserve evaluation. On the basis of GIS component development technology and database technology, the human activity disturbance monitoring system of Mengda National Nature Reserve of Xunhua is developed. The main functions of the system are: segmentation, classification, status statistics, change analysis and other nature reserve module functions, as well as the production of thematic maps, briefings, business and other business functions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X36;X87
本文編號(hào)：2294130
[Abstract]:Nature reserve is a protective area established by human beings in order to maintain ecological balance, protect rare animals and plants and the natural environment on which they live. It provides the natural "background" for human ecosystem and the research place for scientific experiment, which is of great significance to human beings. However, due to the insufficient protection of nature reserves, human activities on the ecological environment of the reserve intensified. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the disturbance of human activities in nature reserve and analyze its dynamic change law, which is of great significance to the regulation of ecological environment protection situation of nature reserve and the designation of environmental protection measures in the surrounding area. In order to strengthen the monitoring of the disturbance information of human activities in nature reserves, high resolution satellite image is used as the data source, and on the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various monitoring methods, A set of object-oriented information extraction method for human activities interference in nature reserves is proposed. By using this method, the interference information of human activities in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua was extracted, and a high precision was obtained, in which the overall accuracy was 89.14 and the coefficient of kappa was 0.82which met the research needs. On this basis, the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of human activities disturbance in Mengda National Nature Reserve of Xunhua are analyzed. It is found that the disturbance area of human activities in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua reached 5.83 square km in 2012 and 4.45 square km in 2014, accounting for 3.41% and 2.60% of the total area of the reserve, respectively. The Munda Nature Reserve in Xunhua remained at low levels in 2012 and 2014. From 2012 to 2014, the disturbance of human activities in Munda Nature Reserve of Xunhua decreased, but increased in the local area and core area. These indicate that the ecological environment of Mengda Nature Reserve in Xunhua was basically good from 2012 to 2014. In order to further explore the reasons for the decrease in human activities in the Munda Nature Reserve in Xunhua and the increase in human activities in the core areas of the reserves, Combined with the regional economic development, the paper infer that the reason of the increase of human activities in the core area is that the nature reserve belongs to the ecological environment type nature reserve as well as the park type nature reserve, and Qinghai and Xunhua counties attach importance to and invest in tourism. And Xunhua Mengda Nature Reserve infrastructure improvement, so that the tourist population increased. In order to further explore the distribution law of human activity disturbance in Mengda Nature Reserve of Xunhua, this paper analyzes the correlation between the disturbance of human activities with changing area by means of autocorrelation analysis. The results show that there is a significant clustering between different types of human activity interference, but the correlation with human activity is weak and discrete distribution. These anthropogenic disturbances are scattered in protected areas in the form of clusters. In order to apply the research results to practice and serve the environmental protection department, the dynamic monitoring model of human activity disturbance is established by combining with the relevant knowledge of nature reserve evaluation. On the basis of GIS component development technology and database technology, the human activity disturbance monitoring system of Mengda National Nature Reserve of Xunhua is developed. The main functions of the system are: segmentation, classification, status statistics, change analysis and other nature reserve module functions, as well as the production of thematic maps, briefings, business and other business functions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X36;X87
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