大興安嶺南麓山區(qū)少數(shù)民族長(zhǎng)期貧困問(wèn)題研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-09 14:01
【摘要】：我國(guó)的減貧工作在過(guò)去30年的實(shí)踐中取得了巨大的成就，但是貧困問(wèn)題的解決不可能一蹴而就，需要一個(gè)持續(xù)的過(guò)程，在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的長(zhǎng)河中，不同地區(qū)、不同時(shí)期、不同階段的減貧工作重點(diǎn)是不同的，貧困的形勢(shì)處在不斷地變化之中，這就需要各單位調(diào)整方向、抓住機(jī)遇，不斷地提升減貧理論實(shí)踐水平。貧困問(wèn)題一直以來(lái)受到許多人的關(guān)注，其涉及到多領(lǐng)域的研究，如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的財(cái)富分配、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展；人類(lèi)學(xué)的民族發(fā)展、環(huán)境保護(hù)；管理學(xué)的返貧政策制定、評(píng)估；社會(huì)學(xué)的貧困理論研究等。理論界從不同角度對(duì)我國(guó)的貧困分別進(jìn)行了較深入的研究，總結(jié)了許多值得借鑒的有益經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但是對(duì)于不同區(qū)域、不同民族的貧困問(wèn)題研究還有待完善。在我國(guó)建設(shè)全面小康社會(huì)的大環(huán)境下，山區(qū)少數(shù)民族的群眾為國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)提供了大量人才、資源、技術(shù)等支持，為我國(guó)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)做出了功不可沒(méi)的貢獻(xiàn)，然而當(dāng)前有不少山區(qū)少數(shù)民族群眾處于貧困狀態(tài)之中，如何幫助他們擺脫貧困，共享經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的成果，是全國(guó)人民的共同心愿，只有各族人民的小康才是真正的小康。山區(qū)少數(shù)民族群眾的貧困一直以來(lái)受到社會(huì)各界的關(guān)注，2011年我國(guó)新設(shè)14個(gè)集中連片特困區(qū)，進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)扶貧，集中連片特困區(qū)大部分位于山區(qū)，少數(shù)民族群眾居多，大興安嶺南麓山區(qū)就是其中之一。大興安嶺南麓山區(qū)少數(shù)民族群眾的貧困呈現(xiàn)出長(zhǎng)期性、代際傳遞性、易返貧性的特征，該區(qū)域少數(shù)民族貧困家庭一般都經(jīng)歷了5年甚至更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的貧困歷程；貧困以及導(dǎo)致貧困的相關(guān)條件和因素，在家庭內(nèi)部由父母?jìng)鬟f給子女，使子女在成年后重復(fù)父母的境遇；脫貧之后的家庭具有脆弱性，抵抗風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力差，，導(dǎo)致極容易返貧。多重原因共同導(dǎo)致了大興安嶺南麓山區(qū)少數(shù)民族長(zhǎng)期貧困，如生態(tài)環(huán)境脆弱、自然災(zāi)害多；基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施差、被重視的較晚；城鎮(zhèn)的擴(kuò)散效應(yīng)不強(qiáng)，經(jīng)濟(jì)缺乏增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)；人力資本培養(yǎng)不足；扶貧機(jī)制落后等原因。這就需要當(dāng)前減貧機(jī)構(gòu)抓住我國(guó)當(dāng)前集中連片扶貧攻堅(jiān)的有利時(shí)機(jī)，結(jié)合山區(qū)少數(shù)民族長(zhǎng)期貧困的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況，科學(xué)減貧，想方設(shè)法提高山區(qū)群眾自身發(fā)展能力、最終實(shí)現(xiàn)脫貧致富。
[Abstract]:The work of reducing poverty in China has made great achievements in the past 30 years, but the solution to the problem of poverty cannot be achieved overnight. It needs a continuous process. In the long river of economic development, different regions, different periods, The emphasis of poverty reduction in different stages is different, and the situation of poverty is constantly changing, which requires all units to adjust the direction, seize the opportunity, and constantly improve the theoretical and practical level of poverty reduction. Poverty has been concerned by many people all the time. It involves many fields of research, such as the distribution of wealth in economics, the development of regional economy, the national development of anthropology, the environmental protection, the policy making and evaluation of the return to poverty of management; The theory of poverty in sociology. The theoretical circle has carried on the thorough research from the different angle to our country's poverty separately, has summed up many beneficial experiences which are worth drawing lessons from. However, for different regions, different ethnic poverty research needs to be improved. In the great environment of building a well-off society in an all-round way in our country, the masses of ethnic minorities in mountainous areas have provided a large number of talents, resources, technology and other support for the economic construction of the country, and have made an indelible contribution to the modernization drive of our country. However, many minority people in mountainous areas are in a state of poverty at present. How to help them get rid of poverty and share the fruits of economic development is the common aspiration of the whole nation. Only the well-off of the people of all nationalities is the real well-off society. The poverty of minority people in mountainous areas has always been concerned by all walks of life. In 2011, China has set up 14 new concentrated special hardship areas to help the poor, most of which are located in mountainous areas, and the majority of ethnic minorities are in the majority. The southern foothills of the Daxing'an Mountains are one of them. The poverty of minority people in the southern part of Daxing'an Mountains shows the characteristics of long term, intergenerational transmission and easy to return to poverty. The poor families of minority nationalities in this region have generally experienced five years or more of poverty. Poverty and the related conditions and factors that lead to poverty are transmitted from parents to children within the family, so that the children repeat their parents' situation in adulthood; the families after poverty are vulnerable and have poor ability to resist risks, which leads to the extremely easy return to poverty. Many reasons lead to the long-term poverty of ethnic minorities in the southern foothills of Daxing'an Mountains, such as fragile ecological environment, more natural disasters, poor infrastructure, less diffusion effect of towns, and lack of economic growth point. Insufficient training of human capital; backward mechanism of poverty alleviation and so on. This will require the current poverty reduction agencies to seize the favorable opportunity of our country's current concentrated efforts to tackle poverty, to scientifically reduce poverty and to improve the ability of mountain people to develop themselves, taking into account the reality of long-term poverty among ethnic minorities in mountainous areas. Finally, get rid of poverty and become rich.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F323.8
本文編號(hào)：2232596
[Abstract]:The work of reducing poverty in China has made great achievements in the past 30 years, but the solution to the problem of poverty cannot be achieved overnight. It needs a continuous process. In the long river of economic development, different regions, different periods, The emphasis of poverty reduction in different stages is different, and the situation of poverty is constantly changing, which requires all units to adjust the direction, seize the opportunity, and constantly improve the theoretical and practical level of poverty reduction. Poverty has been concerned by many people all the time. It involves many fields of research, such as the distribution of wealth in economics, the development of regional economy, the national development of anthropology, the environmental protection, the policy making and evaluation of the return to poverty of management; The theory of poverty in sociology. The theoretical circle has carried on the thorough research from the different angle to our country's poverty separately, has summed up many beneficial experiences which are worth drawing lessons from. However, for different regions, different ethnic poverty research needs to be improved. In the great environment of building a well-off society in an all-round way in our country, the masses of ethnic minorities in mountainous areas have provided a large number of talents, resources, technology and other support for the economic construction of the country, and have made an indelible contribution to the modernization drive of our country. However, many minority people in mountainous areas are in a state of poverty at present. How to help them get rid of poverty and share the fruits of economic development is the common aspiration of the whole nation. Only the well-off of the people of all nationalities is the real well-off society. The poverty of minority people in mountainous areas has always been concerned by all walks of life. In 2011, China has set up 14 new concentrated special hardship areas to help the poor, most of which are located in mountainous areas, and the majority of ethnic minorities are in the majority. The southern foothills of the Daxing'an Mountains are one of them. The poverty of minority people in the southern part of Daxing'an Mountains shows the characteristics of long term, intergenerational transmission and easy to return to poverty. The poor families of minority nationalities in this region have generally experienced five years or more of poverty. Poverty and the related conditions and factors that lead to poverty are transmitted from parents to children within the family, so that the children repeat their parents' situation in adulthood; the families after poverty are vulnerable and have poor ability to resist risks, which leads to the extremely easy return to poverty. Many reasons lead to the long-term poverty of ethnic minorities in the southern foothills of Daxing'an Mountains, such as fragile ecological environment, more natural disasters, poor infrastructure, less diffusion effect of towns, and lack of economic growth point. Insufficient training of human capital; backward mechanism of poverty alleviation and so on. This will require the current poverty reduction agencies to seize the favorable opportunity of our country's current concentrated efforts to tackle poverty, to scientifically reduce poverty and to improve the ability of mountain people to develop themselves, taking into account the reality of long-term poverty among ethnic minorities in mountainous areas. Finally, get rid of poverty and become rich.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F323.8
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