【摘要】：西方工業(yè)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律表明，中產(chǎn)階層規(guī)模的大小是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化程度和文明程度的重要指標(biāo)，具有極其重要的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)意義。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我國(guó)居民內(nèi)部分化明顯，社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)有待探究，，學(xué)界研究中產(chǎn)階層的熱情被點(diǎn)燃。中產(chǎn)階層是一個(gè)不斷變化的社會(huì)動(dòng)態(tài)變量，對(duì)中產(chǎn)階層的定位和劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一直是研究中產(chǎn)階層重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。但在這一點(diǎn)上，目前學(xué)界還沒(méi)有形成較為統(tǒng)一的看法。在對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行梳理后發(fā)現(xiàn)，以往的研究不僅缺少對(duì)中產(chǎn)階層劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的系統(tǒng)性研究，還存在簡(jiǎn)單借鑒西方研究理論和方法的現(xiàn)象。因此探索適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的中產(chǎn)階層劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，成為本研究的主要內(nèi)容。 本文在梳理了國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國(guó)正處在社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，提出要在社會(huì)變遷的視角下把握中產(chǎn)階層劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，站在等級(jí)社會(huì)分層觀的立場(chǎng)認(rèn)識(shí)中產(chǎn)階層，選擇中產(chǎn)階層劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。結(jié)合前人研究成果，認(rèn)為中產(chǎn)階層是社會(huì)地位處在社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中間位置的那部分群體，用家庭消費(fèi)水平代替家庭年均收入水平，將消費(fèi)水平和職業(yè)類型、學(xué)歷水平作為劃分中產(chǎn)階層的三大指標(biāo)。結(jié)合我國(guó)正處在劇烈變遷的時(shí)代背景，本文假設(shè)，社會(huì)整體性差異、時(shí)間變化和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)差異會(huì)通過(guò)分別作用于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、不同時(shí)代居民學(xué)歷水平和勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的分割影響到中產(chǎn)階層的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，表現(xiàn)在使用不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分中產(chǎn)階層，中產(chǎn)階層規(guī)模不同。 本文使用CGSS2010年的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)本文的觀點(diǎn)和假設(shè)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證，結(jié)果證明了用消費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替收入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分中產(chǎn)階層的可靠性，發(fā)現(xiàn)了中產(chǎn)階層的本土化特征，否定了以往用職業(yè)、消費(fèi)或?qū)W歷等單一因素或者在這三個(gè)因素疊加下劃分中產(chǎn)階層的準(zhǔn)確性，指出居民只要滿足上述三種因素中的任意兩種就可以當(dāng)中產(chǎn)階層來(lái)對(duì)待。證明不同地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展程度會(huì)顯著影響到中產(chǎn)階層規(guī)模，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和不同年齡段居民學(xué)歷水平雖然不會(huì)顯著影響到我國(guó)的中產(chǎn)階層規(guī)模，但是對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)分層結(jié)構(gòu)影響顯著。從整體上證實(shí)了本文的研究假設(shè)，為繼續(xù)討論消費(fèi)、職業(yè)和學(xué)歷水平對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)分層、流動(dòng)的影響留下了很大的空間。 按照本文提出的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分中產(chǎn)階層，發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)當(dāng)前社會(huì)分層結(jié)構(gòu)正處在由傳統(tǒng)金字塔型向現(xiàn)代橄欖型轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)渡時(shí)期，呈“梯形”狀，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)促進(jìn)中產(chǎn)階層發(fā)展作用明顯，我國(guó)應(yīng)繼續(xù)加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，以推進(jìn)社會(huì)建設(shè)事業(yè)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The law of western industrial and social development shows that the size of middle class is an important index to measure the degree of modernization and civilization of a country, and has extremely important social structure significance. Since the reform and opening up, the internal division of Chinese residents is obvious, the development trend of social structure needs to be explored, and the enthusiasm of academic research on the middle class has been ignited. The middle class is a constantly changing social dynamic variable. But at this point, the academic community has not yet formed a more unified view. After combing the literature, it is found that the previous studies are not only lack of systematic research on the criteria of middle class division, but also the phenomenon of drawing lessons from western research theories and methods. Therefore, it is the main content of this study to explore the criteria of middle-class classification suitable for China's national conditions. On the basis of combing the relevant research at home and abroad and combining with the critical period of social transformation in China, this paper puts forward that we should grasp the standard of middle class division from the perspective of social change, and recognize middle class from the standpoint of stratification view of hierarchical society. Select the criteria for middle class division. Combined with the previous research results, the middle class is considered to be the group whose social status is in the middle of the social structure. The average annual income of the family is replaced by the level of household consumption, and the level of consumption and occupation are classified. Education level as a division of the middle class of the three indicators. Considering that our country is in the background of drastic changes, this paper assumes that the differences of social integrity, time and social structure will act on the regional economic structure separately. The educational level of residents in different times and the division of labor market affect the standard of the middle class, which is manifested in the use of different standards to divide the middle class and the scale of the middle class. This paper uses the survey data of CGSS2010 year to verify the viewpoint and hypothesis of this paper. The result proves the reliability of dividing middle class with consumption standard instead of income standard, finds the localization characteristic of middle class, and negates the former occupation. The accuracy of dividing the middle class by single factors such as consumption or education or under the superposition of these three factors points out that residents can be treated as middle class as long as they satisfy any two of the above three factors. It is proved that the development of industrial structure in different regions will significantly affect the scale of the middle class, while the regional economic structure and the educational level of residents of different age groups will not significantly affect the scale of the middle class in China. However, it has a significant influence on the social stratification structure of our country. The hypothesis of this paper is confirmed as a whole, leaving a great space for further discussion on the influence of consumption, occupation and educational level on social stratification and mobility in China. According to the standard proposed in this paper, it is found that the current social stratification structure of our country is in the transition period from traditional pyramid type to modern olive type, with the shape of "trapezoid", and the role of industrial structure in promoting the development of middle class is obvious. China should continue to speed up the transformation of economic development mode and industrial structure adjustment in order to promote the development of social construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川省社會(huì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D663

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