【摘要】：土壤侵蝕加劇是生態(tài)惡化的集中反映,現(xiàn)已成為我國生態(tài)環(huán)境最突出的問題之一。隨著社會的發(fā)展,人類活動對土壤侵蝕的影響越來越大,土壤侵蝕與區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展相互制約,如何實現(xiàn)人與自然協(xié)調發(fā)展已經成為全球關注的熱點。定量研究社會經濟因素與土壤侵蝕的相互關系,分析土壤侵蝕的演變特點,對于制定水土保持措施具有重要的意義。 本文分析宏觀尺度下土壤侵蝕變化趨勢,基于社會經濟因素研究人類活動與土壤侵蝕關系進而預測土壤侵蝕的變化規(guī)律,分析湖北省多個時期土壤侵蝕空間分布與于變化規(guī)律,將社會經濟因素等指標作為人類活動的影響因子,結合地形等自然因素,研究不同時期土壤侵蝕驅動因子的差異性,以及這些驅動因素的區(qū)域差異性對土壤侵蝕變化所造成的影響,將研究區(qū)域劃分為若干自然因素較為均一的子區(qū)域,研究不同分區(qū)人為驅動因素對土壤侵蝕變化的作用機制并進行預測分析。主要結論如下： 1.1995年、2000年、2006年、2010年土壤輕度及以上侵蝕面積逐年遞減,整體情況有所好轉。2010年與1995年相比輕度侵蝕減少了25%;中度侵蝕減少了54.89%,強度侵蝕減少了59.93%；但極強度侵蝕和劇烈侵蝕面積2010年有2262km2,而1995年只有1173kmm2,存在局部區(qū)域土壤侵蝕惡化情況。 2.不同區(qū)域影響因素的類型、大小和影響方向存在差異,山地地區(qū)主要受區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展水平和產業(yè)結構的影響,平原地區(qū)主要是受農田水利措施和糧食種植的影響,在丘陵地帶受坡度影響較大。 3.通過分區(qū)對人為因素的提取,可有針對性地利用關鍵驅動因素對土壤侵蝕變化進行更為有效的預測,為因地制宜指定水土保持措施提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The intensification of soil erosion is a concentrated reflection of ecological deterioration and has become one of the most prominent ecological problems in China. With the development of society, the influence of human activities on soil erosion becomes more and more great. Soil erosion and regional economic development restrict each other. How to realize the coordinated development of man and nature has become the focus of global attention. The quantitative study on the relationship between social economic factors and soil erosion and the analysis of the evolution characteristics of soil erosion are of great significance to the formulation of soil and water conservation measures. In this paper, the variation trend of soil erosion at macro scale is analyzed. Based on the social and economic factors, the relationship between human activities and soil erosion is studied and the changing law of soil erosion is predicted. The spatial distribution and variation law of soil erosion in several periods in Hubei Province are analyzed. Taking the social and economic factors as the influence factors of human activities, combining with the natural factors such as topography, the differences of the driving factors of soil erosion in different periods are studied. And the influence of the regional difference of these driving factors on the soil erosion change, the study area is divided into several sub-regions with more uniform natural factors. The action mechanism of artificial driving factors on soil erosion in different zones was studied and predicted. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. In 1995, 2000, 2006, the area of soil erosion decreased year by year, and the overall situation improved. Compared with 1995, mild erosion decreased 25.5%, moderate erosion decreased 54.89%, intensity erosion decreased 59.93%; But the area of extreme intensity erosion and intense erosion was 2262 km2 in 2010, compared with 1173 km2 in 1995. There are differences in the type, size and direction of influence factors in different regions. Mountainous areas are mainly affected by the level of regional economic development and industrial structure, while plain areas are mainly affected by irrigation and water conservancy measures and grain planting. In the hilly area, the slope is greatly affected by the slope. 3. Through the extraction of artificial factors in different areas, the key driving factors can be used to predict soil erosion more effectively, which provides the basis for designating soil and water conservation measures according to local conditions.
【學位授予單位】：華中農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：S157

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