【摘要】：陜?cè)ザ跖弲^(qū)地處我國(guó)東西部和南北方的過(guò)渡區(qū)域,位于漢江流域的中上游地區(qū),境內(nèi)資源種類豐富多樣。自民國(guó)初至21世紀(jì)南水北調(diào)移民搬遷的結(jié)束,在一個(gè)世紀(jì)的歷程中,毗鄰區(qū)的發(fā)展逐步走向衰弱,地區(qū)發(fā)展的不平衡性凸顯,區(qū)域人地關(guān)系日益緊張,逐漸成為內(nèi)陸腹地發(fā)展中的邊緣地帶和貧困地區(qū)。區(qū)域的發(fā)展受到氣候、土地、水文、資源等自然因素和人口、交通、城鎮(zhèn)、政治等社會(huì)因素的制約,無(wú)論是自然因素還是社會(huì)因素都是在不斷地變化中,受自然規(guī)律控制的地理環(huán)境和受社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)律控制的人類生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)之間的相互作用共同決定了區(qū)域發(fā)展的歷史進(jìn)程。民國(guó)時(shí)期,陜?cè)ザ跖弲^(qū)的地貌環(huán)境為人口的增殖提供了地理?xiàng)l件,并受社會(huì)環(huán)境的影響和驅(qū)使,人口的增減變化刺激了區(qū)域空間的進(jìn)一步拓展。然而,近代新式交通的變革,打破了區(qū)域的傳統(tǒng)空間結(jié)構(gòu),毗鄰區(qū)區(qū)位交通的重要性下降。依靠交通發(fā)展的省域、流域貿(mào)易勢(shì)衰,傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品交換市場(chǎng)地位被取代,憑借道路維系的城鎮(zhèn)以及建立在此基礎(chǔ)上的層級(jí)貿(mào)易體系走向了沒(méi)落。經(jīng)濟(jì)的衰退,時(shí)局的動(dòng)蕩,進(jìn)一步激化了毗鄰區(qū)社會(huì)矛盾,致使匪亂叢生,社會(huì)秩序趨向失衡和失控。這一系列連續(xù)的社會(huì)變化對(duì)毗鄰區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、生計(jì)方式和人地關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了重要影響。水田減少,旱地作物被推廣,經(jīng)濟(jì)作物成了民眾增加收入來(lái)源的重要補(bǔ)充。過(guò)度的農(nóng)業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)造成了區(qū)域嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)后果,土壤貧瘠,水土流失加劇,旱澇災(zāi)害頻發(fā)。由于生態(tài)環(huán)境的惡化,區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展更趨艱難,民眾生活也愈益貧困。新中國(guó)建立以后,毗鄰區(qū)的社會(huì)發(fā)展逐漸步入正軌,人口數(shù)量在經(jīng)歷三十年的爆炸性增長(zhǎng)之后趨于平穩(wěn)。區(qū)域內(nèi)新式道路交通得到建設(shè)發(fā)展,陸路運(yùn)輸成為溝通貿(mào)易的主要方式。城鎮(zhèn)重新布局,并興起了一批新的工業(yè)城鎮(zhèn)。同時(shí),南水北調(diào)等國(guó)家工程的建設(shè),對(duì)區(qū)域發(fā)展及域內(nèi)人地關(guān)系帶來(lái)了新的影響。人口變遷改變了原有的社會(huì)組織關(guān)系和生產(chǎn)方式,區(qū)域發(fā)展和生態(tài)保護(hù)因人地關(guān)系的改變面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:The adjacent region of Shaanxi-Henan and Hubei Province is located in the transitional region of east, west, south and north of China, and is located in the upper and middle reaches of the Hanjiang River basin. From the beginning of the Republic of China to the end of the relocation of the South-to-North Water transfer in the 21st century, in the course of a century, the development of adjacent areas has gradually weakened, the imbalance of regional development has become prominent, and the relationship between people and land in the region has become increasingly tense. Gradually become the hinterland of the development of the edge of the interior and poverty areas. The development of the region is restricted by natural factors such as climate, land, hydrology, resources and social factors such as population, transportation, towns, politics, etc., whether natural factors or social factors are constantly changing. The interaction between the geographical environment controlled by natural laws and the human production activities controlled by the law of social development jointly determines the historical process of regional development. During the period of the Republic of China, the geomorphological environment in the adjacent areas of Shaanxi, Henan and Hubei provided geographical conditions for the population growth, and was influenced and driven by the social environment. The increase and decrease of population stimulated the further development of regional space. However, the transformation of modern traffic has broken the traditional spatial structure of the region, and the importance of adjacent regional traffic has declined. With the development of transportation and the decline of river basin trade, the traditional market position of agricultural and sideline product exchange has been replaced, and the cities and towns maintained by the road and the hierarchical trade system established on this basis have gone into decline. The economic recession and the turbulence in the current situation further intensified the social contradictions in the adjacent areas, resulting in banditry, social order tend to imbalance and out of control. This series of continuous social changes have had an important impact on the economic structure, livelihood patterns and human-land relations in adjacent areas. With fewer paddy fields and widespread dryland crops, cash crops are an important supplement to increasing people's income sources. Excessive agricultural development has caused serious ecological consequences in the region, soil is poor, soil erosion intensifies, drought and flood disasters occur frequently. Because of the deterioration of ecological environment, the regional economic development is more difficult, and the people's life is becoming more and more poor. After the founding of New China, the social development of the adjacent areas was gradually on the right track, and the population grew steadily after three decades of explosive growth. New road traffic in the region has been built and developed, and land transport has become the main way to communicate trade. Cities and towns were reorganized and a number of new industrial towns emerged. At the same time, the construction of South-to-North Water transfer and other national projects has brought new influence to the regional development and the relationship between man and land in the region. The population change has changed the original social organization relation and the mode of production, the regional development and the ecological protection face the new challenge because of the change of the man-land relation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K928.6

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