本文選題：FDI + 中國空間分布　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：自德國學(xué)者杜能提出農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位論以來，有關(guān)企業(yè)如何選擇區(qū)位才能獲得最大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的問題成為學(xué)術(shù)界不斷探索的焦點(diǎn)之一。伴隨國際直接投資行為的日益加深，學(xué)者們開始對(duì)國際直接投資行為的動(dòng)機(jī)展開廣泛研究，其中尤為重要的一點(diǎn)即為FDI區(qū)位選擇的依據(jù)。雖然目前尚未形成統(tǒng)一的國際直接投資區(qū)位選擇理論，但是在產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局理論中對(duì)企業(yè)區(qū)位選擇的研究，以及國際直接投資理論中滲透著的區(qū)位思想，仍對(duì)FDI區(qū)位選擇具有重要的理論與實(shí)踐意義。為進(jìn)一步在實(shí)踐中探索FDI空間分布的規(guī)律，大量國內(nèi)外學(xué)者選取不同投資國和東道國作為研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究。在國際研究中，多利用FDI企業(yè)及東道國數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行研究，并將東道國視為同質(zhì)區(qū)域，而中國區(qū)域發(fā)展的不均衡性使FDI企業(yè)的區(qū)位選擇更具多樣性，F(xiàn)DI空間分布的相關(guān)研究也因此更為復(fù)雜。本文探討了各主要影響因素對(duì)FDI在中國空間分布中的作用機(jī)理，并嘗試從多個(gè)角度檢驗(yàn)這些影響因素的作用效果，從理論與實(shí)踐兩個(gè)層面探索并論證哪些因素在哪些區(qū)域?qū)DI有吸引作用，并就如何繼續(xù)改善投資環(huán)境以吸引高質(zhì)量外資提出政策建議，供政策制定者參考。 首先，本文通過對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局和國際直接投資理論以及國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的梳理，提出FDI在中國空間分布的影響因素作用機(jī)制。在華FDI主要受政策因素、市場條件因素、集聚因素和社會(huì)環(huán)境因素的影響而呈現(xiàn)空間異質(zhì)性。政府通過實(shí)施空間準(zhǔn)入、市場準(zhǔn)入、行業(yè)準(zhǔn)入等開放政策，以及外資的優(yōu)惠與限制政策，加之需求結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、供給結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和完善保護(hù)措施等普適性政策吸引、引導(dǎo)并約束FDI；市場需求規(guī)模和市場活力反映出消費(fèi)者偏好異質(zhì)性，，帶來FDI產(chǎn)業(yè)異質(zhì)性，進(jìn)而體現(xiàn)為FDI企業(yè)空間異質(zhì)性；集聚因素通過協(xié)同效應(yīng)和正外部經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)FDI產(chǎn)生吸引作用，而其產(chǎn)生的負(fù)外部經(jīng)濟(jì)則對(duì)FDI產(chǎn)生擠出效應(yīng)，同時(shí)，F(xiàn)DI的自我集聚效應(yīng)能夠加深區(qū)域集聚程度，與區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚形成循環(huán)累積系統(tǒng)；而政府服務(wù)效率、人文地理環(huán)境和城市化水平作為對(duì)FDI產(chǎn)生較大影響的社會(huì)環(huán)境因素也對(duì)FDI的空間分布產(chǎn)生向心力或離心力。 其次，本文對(duì)中國利用外資演進(jìn)歷程、FDI在中國整體演進(jìn)趨勢和FDI在中國區(qū)域分布變動(dòng)趨勢進(jìn)行了梳理和探討。自1979年中國利用外資伊始至今可以大體劃分為三個(gè)階段，即起步階段、飛速展開階段及穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)與調(diào)整階段。伴隨三個(gè)階段的推進(jìn)，中國持續(xù)提高對(duì)FDI的政策引導(dǎo)和規(guī)范。在總量方面，獨(dú)資經(jīng)營FDI比重日益增加，合資經(jīng)營FDI比重不斷下降；FDI的行業(yè)呈多樣化態(tài)勢，主要分布在第二產(chǎn)業(yè)和第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，且行業(yè)之間FDI的分布存在較大差異；FDI來源地呈多元化態(tài)勢，且相對(duì)集中，F(xiàn)DI金額穩(wěn)步上升。在FDI空間分布方面，各區(qū)域FDI金額均呈現(xiàn)明顯增長，但區(qū)域之間和區(qū)域內(nèi)部的FDI分布和增長趨勢均呈現(xiàn)明顯差異；本文認(rèn)為城市利用FDI在各區(qū)域的分布顯示較強(qiáng)的集聚特性，多集中于東部地區(qū)和區(qū)域內(nèi)主要城市，而以全國為視角則呈現(xiàn)分散性，多集中于直轄市、省會(huì)城市和相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)的其他地級(jí)市。 再次，本文基于上述機(jī)制論述與現(xiàn)狀分析，選取相關(guān)面板數(shù)據(jù)，構(gòu)建理論模型，實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)各影響因素對(duì)FDI在中國空間分布的作用效果。本文選取2002-2011年中國252個(gè)地級(jí)及以上城市層面數(shù)據(jù)，從四個(gè)角度對(duì)FDI空間分布的影響因素進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)，即全時(shí)段全區(qū)域、分時(shí)段全區(qū)域、全時(shí)段分區(qū)域及全時(shí)段分發(fā)達(dá)程度。通過較為細(xì)致的實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)，本文闡述了各影響因素在不同時(shí)段和不同區(qū)域?qū)DI空間分布造成的不同影響。結(jié)果顯示，伴隨中國各區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和FDI產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)，優(yōu)惠政策和各種開放政策對(duì)FDI的吸引已不再明顯，逐漸凸顯出普適性政策對(duì)FDI的影響；FDI開始提高對(duì)勞動(dòng)力素質(zhì)的要求，廉價(jià)的低素質(zhì)勞動(dòng)力已不再是吸引FDI的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢；對(duì)于各地區(qū)而言，集聚程度仍是吸引FDI的重要因素；同時(shí)，貿(mào)易障礙對(duì)FDI呈負(fù)影響。 最后，本文根據(jù)理論原理和實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果，針對(duì)中國區(qū)域異質(zhì)性提出可持續(xù)性引資政策建議：強(qiáng)化普適性政策執(zhí)行度，持續(xù)優(yōu)化投資環(huán)境；優(yōu)化區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，提高FDI在華根植性；提高勞動(dòng)力整體素質(zhì)，重拾勞動(dòng)力優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:Since the German scholar Du can put forward the theory of agricultural location, the question about how to choose the location to obtain the maximum economic benefit has become one of the focal points in the academic circle. With the deepening of the international direct investment, scholars have begun to carry out extensive research on the motives of the international direct investment behavior, particularly important. One point is the basis for the location selection of FDI. Although there is no unified theory of location selection for international direct investment, the research on the location selection in the industrial space layout theory and the location thought permeated in the international direct investment theory still have important theoretical and practical significance to the location selection of FDI. A lot of domestic and foreign scholars choose different investment countries and host countries as research objects. In international research, we use the data of FDI enterprises and host countries to study the FDI, and consider the host country as a homogeneous region, and the imbalance of the regional development in China makes the location selection of the FDI Enterprises. The selection of FDI spatial distribution is more complex. This paper explores the mechanism of the main influencing factors on the spatial distribution of FDI in China, and tries to test the effect of these factors from multiple angles, and explore and demonstrate which factors are in which areas are for FDI from the two levels of theory and practice. It also provides policy recommendations for policy makers on how to continue to improve the investment environment and attract high-quality foreign investment.
First, through the systematic combing of industrial space layout and international direct investment theory and related literature at home and abroad, this paper puts forward the effect mechanism of FDI in China's spatial distribution. In China, the FDI is mainly influenced by the policy factors, market conditions, agglomeration and social environment factors, and presents the spatial heterogeneity. Through the implementation of the open policy of space access, market access, industry access and other open policies, as well as the preferential and restrictive policies of foreign investment, the demand structure adjustment, the adjustment of the supply structure and the improvement of the protective measures and other universal policies attract, guide and restrict the FDI. The market demand scale and market vitality reflect the heterogeneity of consumer preferences and bring the FDI industry. Heterogeneity, and then reflected in the spatial heterogeneity of FDI enterprises; agglomeration factors have an attraction to FDI through synergy and positive external economy, and the negative external economy produced by it produces an extrude effect on FDI. At the same time, the self agglomeration effect of FDI can deepen the degree of regional agglomeration and form a cyclic accumulative system with regional industrial agglomeration. The efficiency of government service, the human geography environment and the level of urbanization as the social environmental factors which have great influence on the FDI also produce centripetal force or centrifugal force on the spatial distribution of FDI.
Secondly, this paper reviews and discusses the evolution trend of China's utilization of foreign capital, the overall evolution trend of FDI in China and the change trend of FDI in China's regional distribution. Since the beginning of China's utilization of foreign capital in 1979, it can be divided into three stages, that is, the initial stage, the rapid expansion stage and the stage of steady advancement and adjustment. The following three stages are accompanied. In terms of the total amount, the proportion of the sole proprietorship of FDI is increasing, the proportion of the joint venture FDI is declining, and the FDI industry is diversified, mainly in the second industry and the third industry, and the distribution of FDI between the industries is very different, and the FDI source is diversified, And the amount of FDI increased steadily. In the spatial distribution of FDI, the amount of FDI in each region showed an obvious increase, but the distribution and growth trend of FDI in both regions and regions were obviously different. The distribution of FDI in each region showed strong agglomeration characteristics and concentrated in the eastern region and the regional host. To cities, and from the perspective of the whole country, they are scattered and concentrated in municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capitals and relatively developed prefecture level cities.
Thirdly, this paper, based on the above mechanism discussion and the present situation analysis, selects the relevant panel data, constructs a theoretical model, and empirically tests the effect of the influence factors on the spatial distribution of FDI in China. This paper selects the data of 252 cities and above in 2002-2011 years in China, and makes an empirical study on the influence factors of the spatial distribution of FDI from four angles. The test, the whole region, the whole region, the whole period and the full period of development. Through the more detailed empirical test, this paper expounds the different influence factors on the spatial distribution of FDI in different periods and different regions. The results show that with the economic development of various regions in China and the upgrading of the FDI industry, the results show that the advantages of each region are better. The attraction of the preferential policies and various open policies to the FDI is no longer obvious, and gradually highlights the impact of the universal policy on the FDI; FDI has begun to raise the demand for the quality of the labor force, and the low quality and low quality labor force is no longer a regional advantage to attract FDI; for all regions, the degree of agglomeration is still an important factor in attracting FDI; at the same time, trade The obstacles had a negative impact on FDI.
Finally, according to the theoretical principle and the empirical test results, this paper puts forward the suggestion of sustainable investment policy for regional heterogeneity in China: strengthening the implementation of the universal policy, optimizing the investment environment, optimizing the regional industrial structure, raising the root of FDI in China, improving the whole quality of the labor force and regaining the advantage of the labor force.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.6

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