發(fā)布時間：2018-06-14 11:26

  本文選題：產業(yè)轉移 + 產業(yè)政策�。� 參考：《西南財經大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)化是現(xiàn)代文明最重要的標志,歷史上的三次工業(yè)革命都是人類工業(yè)化的里程碑。每一次工業(yè)革命都對各國的主導產業(yè)和產業(yè)結構進行了深刻的調整,一方面這些國家在國內進行產業(yè)演進,另一方面也在國際間進行產業(yè)轉移。尤其進入20世紀后半葉以后,東亞的產業(yè)轉移過程更加集中和頻繁,東亞各國的產業(yè)轉移成為其快速崛起背后的動力。進入20世紀末,我國也加入了東亞的區(qū)域產業(yè)分工中,國際產業(yè)轉移也對我國的經濟發(fā)展和產業(yè)演進產生了巨大的影響,國際產業(yè)轉移的研究對我國的產業(yè)結構轉型有重要的參考意義。國內外學者對產業(yè)轉移的研究大都興起于日本戰(zhàn)后的迅速崛起,特別在東亞新興工業(yè)化地區(qū)快速發(fā)展以后,東亞產業(yè)轉移更加成為一個熱門話題。尤其是針對東亞產業(yè)轉移提出的雁行模式理論引起了學者的廣泛討論,國內外學者也對產業(yè)生命周期以及國際直接投資進行了深入的研究。國際產業(yè)轉移是一個寬泛的領域,本文將主要研究與我國相關的國際產業(yè)轉移現(xiàn)象,分析這些現(xiàn)象的動因、規(guī)律及影響,尋找對我國產業(yè)結構調整的借鑒意義。 本文對國際產業(yè)轉移的研究首先從國際產業(yè)轉移的動因和影響因素入手。對國際產業(yè)轉移動因的研究分別從宏觀、產業(yè)和微觀三個角度出發(fā)。微觀層面的動因最主要的是利潤,產業(yè)內的企業(yè)會隨著地區(qū)成本優(yōu)勢的變化對自己的區(qū)位選擇作重新定位,或者直接轉產來扭轉成本劣勢。產業(yè)層面的動因主要將從產品生命周期的角度和國際產業(yè)分工的角度來闡述。隨著產業(yè)的不斷深化發(fā)展,技術帶來的利潤越來越低,勞動成為主要的因素,產品隨之完成生命周期,產業(yè)也將從本國轉出來尋求更低的勞動成本。本文利用“微笑曲線”闡述國際分工格局和產業(yè)鏈的利潤分布,并指出產業(yè)轉移的變化是朝著產業(yè)鏈中高附加值的方向進行的。宏觀層面主要從四個方面論述,分別是工業(yè)化程度層面、區(qū)域發(fā)展層面、宏觀環(huán)境層面和國家利益層面,而這四個方面也是相互影響相互交錯的。國際產業(yè)轉移的影響因素是從政府、技術和區(qū)域發(fā)展這三個角度逐步展開分析,并重點論述了技術壟斷對發(fā)達國家與欠發(fā)達國家的不同影響,即發(fā)達國家會進入技術創(chuàng)新的良性循環(huán)而欠發(fā)達國家會陷入資金匱乏的惡性循環(huán)。 本文將回顧美國和東亞各國的產業(yè)轉移歷史并進行比較分析,同時運用相關理論進行歸納總結。經過分析和比較這些地區(qū)產業(yè)轉移歷史的之后,本文將歸納國際產業(yè)轉移過程和產業(yè)演進過程的相似之處。同時進一步指出這是起因于產業(yè)演進和產業(yè)轉移的相互關系,即各國產業(yè)演進階段的不同造成了各地區(qū)之間發(fā)展速度的不同和區(qū)位優(yōu)勢的不同,進而形成了國際分工重新布局的需要。本文認為產業(yè)轉移的階段劃分是存在一般規(guī)律的,并且也是和產業(yè)演進過程相互對應的。本文將著重分析東亞的產業(yè)轉移過程,并深入研究日本及其鄰國在雁行模式產業(yè)轉移中的實踐,以及我國參與東亞產業(yè)轉移以后,東亞的產業(yè)轉移格局出現(xiàn)的變化。由于產業(yè)轉移和產業(yè)演進之間密切的聯(lián)系,使一國能夠通過國際產業(yè)轉移快速地實現(xiàn)國內產業(yè)的高度化發(fā)展。本文進一步討論了實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展的可能性。經過本文的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在技術壟斷、資本積累不足以及產業(yè)關聯(lián)性等方面的作用下,要實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展是相當困難的。本文通過對廣西的產業(yè)發(fā)展歷程,尤其是旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展進行了分析,以此為例證說明了我國要想實現(xiàn)跨越式發(fā)展會遇到的困難,從這個例證的分析中我們可以窺見我國在工業(yè)化發(fā)展過程中難以跳過必要的產業(yè)發(fā)展階段。但本文也指出我們依然可以通過加快產業(yè)演進的步伐和加速產業(yè)結構升級的方法來實現(xiàn)對先進國家的追趕。 國際產業(yè)轉移對轉出國和轉入國都造成了積極和消極的影響,同時也促進了區(qū)域經濟一體化的發(fā)展和國際貿易格局的深刻變革。對發(fā)達地區(qū)而言,國際產業(yè)轉移能夠促進本國的產業(yè)結構升級,同時也能夠推動本國在技術上的不斷創(chuàng)新并更好地利用比較優(yōu)勢。對發(fā)達國家不利的一面是可能造成產業(yè)空心化,盡管產業(yè)空心化沒有一個統(tǒng)一的定論,我們還是可以在2008年全球金融危機爆發(fā)時看出其不利的影響。產業(yè)空心化最直接的后果就是造成失業(yè)率居高不下以及對外經貿的萎縮,本文就此分析了我國產業(yè)空心化形成的風險。對于欠發(fā)達地區(qū)而言,發(fā)達地區(qū)的產業(yè)在向欠發(fā)達地區(qū)轉移時不僅能夠加快該地區(qū)轉移產業(yè)的發(fā)展,還會帶動其關聯(lián)產業(yè)的發(fā)展,從而進一步帶動這一地區(qū)整體的產業(yè)演進。但是產業(yè)轉入也會給該地區(qū)造成諸多不利的影響：產業(yè)高度化的發(fā)展必然帶來該地區(qū)快速的城鎮(zhèn)化,而快速的城鎮(zhèn)化很有可能超過社會的承受限度,進而集中地爆發(fā)一些社會問題；一些高污染高耗能的企業(yè)轉入一個地區(qū)也會造成這一地區(qū)壞境的污染和資源過度開發(fā)；加入世界貿易體系也會喪失一部分經濟自主權。對于區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展而言國際產業(yè)轉移加快了區(qū)域一體化的速度,本文從國際產業(yè)轉移對經濟領域和非經濟領域的影響闡明其對區(qū)域一體化的推動作用。對于國際貿易而言,國際產業(yè)轉移最大的影響就是造成國際貿易的失衡。 最后本文將提出相關的政策建議。首先,本文對政府應該在國際產業(yè)轉移中扮演的角色進行了定位,并指出政府在國際產業(yè)轉移浪潮中應該致力于基礎設施建設和加強配套保障服務,也應該引導本地區(qū)優(yōu)勢產業(yè)的發(fā)展。為了解決跨越式發(fā)展的難題,我國應該通過加快產業(yè)演進步伐和加速產業(yè)結構轉型來實現(xiàn)落后國家對先進國家的追趕。其次,本文提出了對我國產業(yè)政策的建議。當前我國的產業(yè)政策目標應該是建立東部發(fā)達地區(qū)和中西部欠發(fā)達地區(qū)梯次發(fā)展的產業(yè)格局,同時推進我國制造業(yè)高度化發(fā)展。本文以這個基本戰(zhàn)略目標為基礎,提出了一些具體的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Industrialization is the most important symbol of modern civilization. The three industrial revolution in history is a milestone in the industrialization of mankind. Each industrial revolution has made a profound adjustment to the leading industries and industrial structure of each country. On the one hand, these countries carry out industrial evolution at home, on the other hand, the industrial transfer is also carried out internationally. After the second half of twentieth Century, the process of industrial transfer in East Asia is more concentrated and frequent. The industrial transfer of East Asian countries has become the motive force behind its rapid rise. In the end of twentieth Century, China also joined the regional industrial division of labor in East Asia, and the international industrial transfer had a great influence on the economic development and industrial evolution of our country. The study of industrial transfer has an important reference significance for the transformation of industrial structure in China. The domestic and foreign scholars' research on industrial transfer has sprang up in Japan after the rapid rise of postwar, especially after the rapid development of the emerging industrial regions in East Asia, the industrial transfer of East Asia has become a hot topic. The theory of wild goose pattern has aroused extensive discussion by scholars. Scholars at home and abroad have also conducted in-depth studies on industrial life cycle and international direct investment. International industrial transfer is a broad field. This article will mainly study the related international industrial transfer phenomena and analyze the reasons, rules and effects of these phenomena. Looking for reference to the adjustment of China's industrial structure.
The study of international industry transfer begins with the motivation and influence factors of international industry transfer. The research on the motivation of international industry transfer is from three angles of macro, industrial and microcosmic. The main motive of the micro level is the profit. The enterprises in the industry will choose their own location with the change of the regional cost advantage. The motive of the industrial level is mainly from the angle of the product life cycle and the division of labor in the international industry. With the deepening and development of the industry, the profit of the technology is getting lower and the labor becomes the main factor. The product will complete the life cycle and the industry will also This paper uses the "smile curve" to explain the distribution of international division pattern and industrial chain, and points out that the change of industrial transfer is carried out in the direction of high value-added in the industrial chain. The macro level is mainly discussed from four aspects, the level of industrialization and the level of regional development, respectively. The four aspects of the macro environmental level and the national interest level are interlaced with each other. The influence factors of the international industrial transfer are from the three angles of government, technology and regional development, and the different effects of the technology monopoly on the developed countries and the less developed countries, that is, the developed countries will enter. The virtuous circle of technological innovation will lead to a vicious circle of capital shortage in less developed countries.
This paper will review the history of industrial transfer in the United States and East Asian countries and make a comparative analysis. At the same time, we will use relevant theories to sum up. After analyzing and comparing the history of industrial transfer in these regions, this paper will summarize the similarities between the process of international industrial transfer and the process of industrial evolution. The relationship between industry evolution and industrial transfer, that is, the different stages of industrial evolution in each country, has caused the difference in the speed of development and the difference of regional advantages between different regions, thus forming the need for the re layout of the international division of labor. This paper holds that the stage division of industrial transfer is a general rule, and is also the same as the process of industrial evolution. This article will focus on the analysis of the process of industrial transfer in East Asia, and further study the practice of Japan and its neighbouring countries in the industrial transfer of wild goose bank, as well as the changes in the pattern of industrial transfer in East Asia after China's participation in the transfer of East Asia industry. This paper further discusses the possibility of realizing leapfrog development. Through the analysis of this article, it is found that it is very difficult to achieve leapfrog development under the role of technical monopoly, insufficient capital accumulation and industrial relevance. This article is through the industry of Guangxi. The development process, especially the development of the tourism industry, is an example of the difficulties that our country wants to achieve by leaping development. From the analysis of this example, we can see that our country can not skip the necessary stage of industrial development in the process of industrial development. However, this article also points out that we can still pass the speed of acceleration. The pace of industrial evolution and the way to speed up the upgrading of industrial structure will help to catch up with the advanced countries.
The international industrial transfer has caused positive and negative effects on both the transfer and the transfer to the country. It also promotes the development of regional economic integration and the profound change in the pattern of international trade. For the developed regions, the international industrial transfer can promote the upgrading of its industrial structure, and also promote the continuous technological innovation in the country. The adverse side of the developed countries is the possible cause of the Industrial Hollowing. Although there is no unified conclusion of the Industrial Hollowing, we can see its adverse effects when the global financial crisis broke out in 2008. The most direct result of the Industrial Hollowing is the high unemployment rate and the external environment. This paper analyzes the risk of Industrial Hollowing in our country. For less developed areas, the industry of developed regions can not only accelerate the development of the transfer industry in this region, but also promote the development of its related industries, which will further promote the overall industrial evolution of the region. Industrial transfer will also cause a lot of adverse effects on the region: the development of industrial height will inevitably bring about the rapid urbanization in the region, and the rapid urbanization is likely to exceed the limit of the society, and then a number of social problems will be erupted centrally; some highly polluting and high energy enterprises will also be transferred into a region. The pollution of regional bad environment and overexploitation of resources and the loss of a part of economic autonomy will also be lost in the world trade system. For regional economic development, international industrial transfer accelerates the speed of regional integration. The impact of international industrial transfer on economic and non economic fields illustrates its role in promoting regional integration. For international trade, the biggest impact of international industrial transfer is the imbalance of international trade.
In the end, this article will put forward relevant policy suggestions. First, the government should position the role of the government in the international industry transfer, and point out that the government should devote itself to the construction of infrastructure and strengthen the supporting services in the wave of international industry transfer, and should also guide the development of the superior industry in the region. The problem of development is that our country should accelerate the pace of industrial evolution and accelerate the transformation of industrial structure to realize the pursuit of the advanced countries. Secondly, this paper puts forward the suggestion to China's industrial policy. The current industrial policy aim of our country should be to establish the industry of the developed regions in the East and the underdeveloped regions of the central and western regions. At the same time, we should promote the highly developed manufacturing industry in China. Based on this basic strategic objective, this paper puts forward some specific policy recommendations.
【學位授予單位】：西南財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124;F113

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