本文選題：地貌 + 區(qū)位　； 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)土地進(jìn)行合理的利用分區(qū),不僅可以高效利用寶貴的土地資源,而且能夠促進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境的良性循環(huán)、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的健康發(fā)展。京津地區(qū)的地貌類(lèi)型多樣,經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)位差異顯著,造成該地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用的多樣化與復(fù)雜化。同時(shí),作為京津大都市區(qū),城市擴(kuò)張迅速,又面臨著嚴(yán)重的水土資源與環(huán)境問(wèn)題。本研究在農(nóng)業(yè)地域分異理論、景觀(guān)生態(tài)學(xué)理論、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)演進(jìn)理論、農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位理論、比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論、可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論的指導(dǎo)下,借助ArcGIS空間分析、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)、景觀(guān)分析等軟件平臺(tái),綜合分析地貌、經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)位等對(duì)京津地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)土地格局及其變化的影響,并提出了京津地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用分區(qū)與整治模式。主要研究結(jié)果如下： (1)地貌是農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用的基礎(chǔ),決定著農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用的基本方向與布局。本文綜合不同地貌區(qū)典型土壤樣點(diǎn)的點(diǎn)狀數(shù)據(jù)與相關(guān)資料的面狀數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)與ArcGIS空間分析,從海拔、坡度、土壤、水文狀況等地貌要素對(duì)作物生長(zhǎng)所需的溫度、水分、作物扎根立地條件、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化作業(yè)條件、灌溉保證率、鹽漬化等方面,綜合分析了不同地貌區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)用地的立地條件。農(nóng)業(yè)用地自然適宜性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明：中山區(qū)由于海拔高、坡度大、土層薄等限制,不適宜耕作面積比例最大,除林地外,其他農(nóng)業(yè)用地類(lèi)型較少。低山丘陵區(qū)地形和土層限制,為中度適宜,林地、果園面積較大。沖積平原區(qū)基本無(wú)自然條件限制,土地適宜性最高,適宜多種農(nóng)業(yè)用途,因而農(nóng)業(yè)用地類(lèi)型多樣,而且轉(zhuǎn)換頻繁。海積平原區(qū)由于受鹽漬化影響,整體適宜性次之,農(nóng)業(yè)用地以耕地、其他農(nóng)用地為主。農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用的分布整體上與大地貌的地域分異規(guī)律相符合。 (2)以2004年、2012年土地利用現(xiàn)狀數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),采用ArcGIS與Fragstats軟件研究不同自然適宜區(qū)內(nèi)的農(nóng)業(yè)用地格局變化特征。數(shù)量結(jié)構(gòu)變化表明,在城鎮(zhèn)化過(guò)程中,優(yōu)質(zhì)的農(nóng)業(yè)用地資源快速流失,減少面積為766.35km2；灌排等農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施工程的完善和土地整治,提升了原本適宜度級(jí)別較低的農(nóng)業(yè)用地等別,使中度適宜區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)用地呈現(xiàn)增加態(tài)勢(shì),增加面積為507.60km2低度適宜區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)用地的增加則主要來(lái)源于宜耕后備資源的開(kāi)發(fā),面積增加了329.06km2;比較效益差是農(nóng)業(yè)用地資源流失的根本原因。景觀(guān)格局變化表明,高度適宜區(qū)基本無(wú)自然條件限制,產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)�；б婷黠@,農(nóng)業(yè)用地景觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)變化最頻繁；中度適宜區(qū)景觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)整體變化幅度較小,具有較強(qiáng)的穩(wěn)定性,但隨著投入增加,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)條件改善較大；受自然條件的約束,低度適宜區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)景觀(guān)格局“地帶性”分布明顯。研究結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展驅(qū)使農(nóng)業(yè)用地呈現(xiàn)以市場(chǎng)需求和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為導(dǎo)向的轉(zhuǎn)換特征。 (3)定量評(píng)價(jià)了大都市不同經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)位下農(nóng)業(yè)用地承受的發(fā)展壓力大小,并以耕地為對(duì)象,進(jìn)行發(fā)展壓力差異下的耕地資源時(shí)空變化特征研究。結(jié)果表明：耕地減少幅度與發(fā)展壓力之間呈現(xiàn)出高度的空間關(guān)聯(lián)性,即距離中心城區(qū)越近,發(fā)展壓力越大,耕地減少幅度越快；反之,距離中心城區(qū)越遠(yuǎn),發(fā)展壓力越小,耕地減少幅度也小。耕地減少的主要因素是農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、建設(shè)占用,進(jìn)一步印證了比較效益差是耕地減少的主要原因。新增耕地的主要來(lái)源是發(fā)展壓力較小地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、未利用地開(kāi)發(fā)；但這些區(qū)域大多生態(tài)脆弱,并不適宜耕種。因此,協(xié)調(diào)城市化過(guò)程中的農(nóng)地保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間的矛盾,必須考慮農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 (4)基于都市區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)面臨的資源與環(huán)境問(wèn)題,在地貌分異的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合考量區(qū)域土地的自然適宜程度高低及經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)位條件,將區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)用地分為5個(gè)區(qū),并提出各用地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)主導(dǎo)功能、利用方向與整治模式。 (5)美國(guó)的土地潛力分類(lèi)、FAO土地評(píng)價(jià)基本是依據(jù)自然資源稟賦對(duì)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的適宜性評(píng)價(jià)。但是,當(dāng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展到相當(dāng)高的階段,技術(shù)力量可以克服土地天然的限制性因素,自然條件的限制性對(duì)土地利用的影響減弱。因此,土地評(píng)價(jià)不應(yīng)再單純考慮自然適宜性,應(yīng)該更多地考慮評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,特別是在都市區(qū)。但是,有些限制性因素還是比較難以克服的,比如海拔與地形對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的限制性。 本文在自然適宜性評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,疊加都市經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)位影響大小評(píng)價(jià)的農(nóng)業(yè)用地分區(qū)方法。提出了在兩個(gè)中心城區(qū)之間布置基本農(nóng)田作為城市增長(zhǎng)邊界,中心城區(qū)周邊以農(nóng)作物作為綠化用地,濱海平原鹽堿荒地上發(fā)展設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)的農(nóng)業(yè)用地分區(qū)利用建議,為現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)土地利用分區(qū)與布局提供了方法與思路上的借鑒。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of agricultural geography , landscape ecology theory , industrial structure evolution theory , agricultural location theory , comparative advantage theory and sustainable development theory , this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of agricultural land pattern and its changes in Beijing - Tianjin region by means of spatial analysis , mathematical statistics , landscape analysis and so on .

( 1 ) Geomorphology is the basis of agricultural land use and determines the basic direction and layout of agricultural land use .

( 2 ) Based on the data of land use present in 2004 and 2012 , the change of agricultural land pattern in different natural areas is studied by using ArcGIS and Fragstats software . The change of quantity structure shows that in the process of urbanization , high - quality agricultural land resources are rapidly lost , and the reduction area is 766.35km2 ;
The improvement of farmland infrastructure projects , such as irrigation and drainage , improves the agricultural land , such as agricultural land with lower fitness level , and increases the agricultural land in the moderately appropriate area . The increase of agricultural land in the low - degree land area of 507 . 60km2 is mainly derived from the development of suitable arable reserve resources , the area is increased by 329.06km2 , and the comparative benefit difference is the root cause of the loss of agricultural land resources . The change of landscape pattern shows that the height - suitability area is basically free of natural conditions , the industrial scale benefit is obvious , and the landscape structure of agricultural land is most frequent ;
The overall change of the landscape structure is small , which has strong stability , but with the increase of investment , the condition of agricultural production is improved .
The research results show that the development of economic and social development drives the agricultural land to present the conversion characteristics guided by market demand and economic benefit .

( 3 ) The paper quantitatively evaluates the development pressure of agricultural land under different economic zones of the metropolis , and studies the spatial and temporal characteristics of cultivated land resources under the pressure difference of cultivated land . The results show that the closer the cultivated land decreases to the development pressure , the closer the cultivated land is , the greater the development pressure , the faster the decrease of cultivated land .
On the contrary , the farther from the central city , the smaller the development pressure , the less the cultivated land is . The main factors of the decrease of cultivated land are the adjustment of the agricultural industry , the occupation of the construction , and the further printing of the comparative benefit difference is the main reason of the decrease of cultivated land . The main source of the new cultivated land is the adjustment of the agricultural industry in the small area of development , and the undeveloped land development ;
However , most of these areas are fragile and unsuitable for cultivation . Therefore , the contradiction between agricultural land protection and economic development in urbanization must be coordinated , and the economic benefits of agricultural land use must be considered .

( 4 ) Based on the resource and environmental problems faced by urban agricultural production , the regional agricultural land is divided into 5 districts on the basis of landform diversity , and the regional agricultural land is divided into 5 districts , and the agricultural dominant function , the utilization direction and the regulation mode of each area are proposed .

( 5 ) The land potential classification of the United States , the FAO land evaluation is basically based on the natural resources endowment to the suitability evaluation of the traditional agriculture . However , when the social economy develops to a relatively high stage , the technological power can overcome the natural restrictive factors of the land , and the restrictive effect of the natural conditions on the land use is weakened . Therefore , the land evaluation should not take into account the natural suitability , especially in the metropolitan area . However , some limiting factors are difficult to overcome , such as the limitation of altitude and topography on agriculture .

On the basis of the evaluation of natural suitability , this paper puts forward the agricultural land zoning method for evaluating the impact of urban economic location . The paper puts forward that the basic farmland is arranged between the two central urban areas as the boundary of urban growth , and the surrounding of the central urban area is used as green land , and the agricultural land use proposal of the development facilities agriculture on the saline - alkali wasteland of the coastal plain provides a method and a reference for the land use division and layout of modern agriculture .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F301.2

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本文編號(hào)：1968245