本文選題：陽離子交換樹脂 + 超濾��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的飛速發(fā)展，人類對(duì)水資源的需求量也逐年增長。我國水資源總量豐富。但是，由于人口基數(shù)太大，人均水資源占有量低下，是世界上水資源匱乏的13個(gè)國家之一。此外，我國的水資源還存在著時(shí)間和空間分布不均勻的特點(diǎn)，水資源的空間分布與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展存在著嚴(yán)重的不一致性。因此，水資源極度短缺的現(xiàn)狀，會(huì)嚴(yán)重制約我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的迅速發(fā)展 由于三次采油技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，使用規(guī)模越來越大，所需要消耗的水資源的量也逐漸加大，，進(jìn)一步加劇了水資源短缺的現(xiàn)狀。因此，如何將生活污水進(jìn)行深度處理，變廢為寶，使其滿足油田配聚的要求，代替清水進(jìn)行采油，不僅可以緩解水資源短缺的現(xiàn)狀，而且還能產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。 本課題以生活污水的二級(jí)排放水為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)其進(jìn)行水質(zhì)分析，確定影響配聚性能的主要因素。選用了三種處理工藝：傳統(tǒng)深度處理工藝、超濾深度處理工藝和超濾和離子交換樹脂聯(lián)用深度處理工藝。分別對(duì)三種工藝出水的水質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析，并進(jìn)行配聚試驗(yàn)，測(cè)定配制的不同濃度、不同分子量的聚合物溶液的粘度、抗剪切性能以及粘度穩(wěn)定性。同時(shí)，與清水體系進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，考察用其代替清水的可行性。 對(duì)二級(jí)排放水的水質(zhì)分析結(jié)果顯示：由于礦化度值小于1000mg/L，礦化度對(duì)粘度的影響可忽略不計(jì)，此時(shí)，聚合物溶液（HPAM）粘度主要受陽離子濃度的影響。進(jìn)一步試驗(yàn)證明，HPAM溶液的粘度受陽離子影響程度為Mg2+＞Ca2+＞Na+＞K+。 前兩種工藝對(duì)Ca2+和Mg2+均有一定的去除，但去除率較低，主要是依賴混凝反應(yīng)的去除作用，故去除效果不明顯，工藝一的去除率分別為：27.51%、30.65%，工藝二的去除率為：24.87%、27.90%。因此，出水的配聚效果與二級(jí)排放水相比雖然有了一定提高，但與清水體系相比，仍有很大的差距，不能直接替代清水。在處理裝置的后端添加陽離子交換樹脂后，Ca2+和Mg2+均得到了很好的去除，效果明顯，去除率分別為：89.76%、51.05%，其對(duì)聚合物溶液配聚性能的影響也大大降低。通過對(duì)不同分子量、不同濃度的HPAM溶液的粘度情況進(jìn)行分析，并與二級(jí)排放水和清水體系做對(duì)比，發(fā)現(xiàn)配聚效果優(yōu)于二級(jí)排放水，且與清水體系配聚效果接近，故可以用其代替清水。 本課題還研究了超濾膜和樹脂的污染情況。研究結(jié)果顯示，跨膜壓差在運(yùn)行初期增長較快，隨后增長速度變慢。掃面電鏡的分析顯示，對(duì)其進(jìn)行化學(xué)清洗之后，膜面的污染物質(zhì)得到了很好的去除。污染樹脂的理化性能檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示，樹脂外觀無破碎現(xiàn)象，顏色加深，含水率為47.44%，仍在正常允許的范圍內(nèi)。全交換容量為3.64mmol/g，強(qiáng)酸基團(tuán)交換容量為3.27mmol/g，弱酸基團(tuán)交換容量為0.37mmol/g。污染樹脂的交換容量減小，若繼續(xù)使用，需要對(duì)樹脂進(jìn)行再生處理。再生之后樹脂的全交換容量為4.51mmol/g。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, the demand for water resources is increasing year by year. China is rich in water resources. However, because the population base is too large and the per capita water resource is low, it is one of the 13 countries with scarce water resources in the world. In addition, the distribution of water resources in China is not uniform in time and space, and there is a serious inconsistency between the spatial distribution of water resources and the development of regional economy and society. Therefore, the current situation of extreme shortage of water resources will seriously restrict the rapid development of our country's economy and society. Due to the rapid development of tertiary oil recovery technology, the scale of use is getting larger and larger, and the amount of water resources needed to be consumed increases gradually, which further exacerbates the current situation of water resources shortage. Therefore, how to treat domestic sewage deeply and turn it into treasure, make it meet the requirement of oil field distribution and gather, instead of clean water for oil recovery, can not only alleviate the current situation of water resources shortage, but also produce huge economic and social benefits. In this paper, the secondary discharge water of domestic sewage is taken as the research object, and the water quality is analyzed to determine the main factors affecting the polymerization performance. Three kinds of treatment processes were selected: traditional advanced treatment, ultrafiltration advanced treatment and combined advanced treatment of ultrafiltration and ion exchange resin. The water quality of the effluent from the three processes was analyzed, and the polymer solution viscosity, shear resistance and viscosity stability of different concentration and molecular weight of polymer solution were determined. At the same time, compared with the water system, the feasibility of replacing water with it was investigated. The results of water quality analysis show that the effect of salinity on viscosity is negligible because the salinity is less than 1000 mg / L, and the viscosity of polymer solution HPAM is mainly affected by the concentration of cations. Further experiments show that the viscosity of HPAM solution is influenced by cationic ions in the order of Mg2 > Ca2 > Na > K. Both Ca2 and Mg2 were removed by the first two processes, but the removal rate was low, mainly dependent on the coagulation reaction, so the removal rate was not obvious. The removal rate of the first process was 30.65% and the removal rate of the second process was: 24.87% 27.90%. Therefore, compared with the secondary discharge water, the polymerization effect of the effluent is improved, but compared with the water system, there is still a big gap, which can not be directly replaced by the clean water. After adding cationic exchange resin to the back end of the treatment unit, Ca 2 + and Mg2 were removed very well, and the removal rates were respectively 1% 89.76 6 and 51.055.The effect on the polymer solution polymerization performance was also greatly reduced. The viscosity of HPAM solution with different molecular weight and concentration was analyzed and compared with the secondary discharge water and clear water system. It was found that the polymer blending effect was better than that of the secondary discharge water, and the polymerization effect was close to that of the clean water system. So you can use it instead of clear water. The pollution of ultrafiltration membrane and resin was also studied. The results show that the transmembrane pressure difference increases rapidly at the beginning of operation and then slows down. SEM analysis showed that the contaminants on the membrane surface were well removed after chemical cleaning. The physical and chemical properties of the contaminated resin showed that the appearance of the resin was not broken, the color was deepened, and the moisture content was 47.44, which was still within the normal allowable range. The total exchange capacity is 3.64 mmol / g, the exchange capacity of strong acid group is 3.27 mmol / g, and the exchange capacity of weak acid group is 0.37 mmol / g. The exchange capacity of the contaminated resin is reduced. If it continues to be used, the resin needs to be regenerated. The total exchange capacity of the regenerated resin was 4.51 mmol / g.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3

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