本文選題：植被覆蓋 + 丹江口庫區(qū)　； 參考：《東北林業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自1992年土地利用／覆被變化(LUCC)核心計劃被正式確立以來,土地利用變化既是目前全球環(huán)境變化研究的熱點,也是人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的前沿問題。土地利用是土地覆被變化最重要的影響因素,區(qū)域植被覆蓋變化研究已在全球變化研究領(lǐng)域中占有非常重要的地位。土地利用／覆被變化所產(chǎn)生的各種資源問題和環(huán)境效應(yīng)也逐漸引起人們的關(guān)注和重視。 本論文以丹江口水源區(qū)為核心,在介紹研究丹江口庫區(qū)的區(qū)域特征的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對近40多年來的數(shù)據(jù)資料的整理和處理,利用具體分析研究方法,以及應(yīng)用遙感技術(shù),通過樣方調(diào)查和遙感解譯,分析了丹江口庫區(qū)的土地利用類型和植被覆蓋變化等情況,得到如下結(jié)論： (1)根據(jù)2013年庫區(qū)植被類型解譯結(jié)果指出丹江口庫區(qū)植被現(xiàn)狀,庫區(qū)植被的總面積為191162.65hm2,庫區(qū)植被覆蓋率為77.95%。其中闊葉林面積占庫區(qū)總植被面積的18.87%；針葉林面積占庫區(qū)總植被面積的6.71%；灌叢面積占庫區(qū)總植被面積的23.28%；灌草叢面積占庫區(qū)植被總面積的1.67%；農(nóng)作物面積占庫區(qū)植被總面積的49.47%,是庫區(qū)主要的植被類型。 (2)通過選取1973年、1983年、1993年、2003年和2013年5各時段的衛(wèi)星影像,對其進行土地利用類型解譯,可知近40年來丹江口庫區(qū)土地利用類型發(fā)生明顯變化,整體為耕地面積減少,林地面積增加,以耕地為主的土地利用類型演變?yōu)橐粤值貫橹饕恋乩妙愋?同時由于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展要求,庫區(qū)建設(shè)用地面積在總體上也是增長趨勢。 (3)通過近40年來數(shù)據(jù)和遙感解譯,分析植被覆蓋變化趨勢,指出庫區(qū)植被覆蓋率整體上呈降低趨勢,1973年植被覆蓋率達到67.18%；1983年植被覆蓋率達到67.29%;1993年植被覆蓋率達到66.99%;2003年植被覆蓋率達到66.57%;2013年植被覆蓋率達到65.19%。較1973年丹江口水利樞紐建成初期,2013年南水北調(diào)一期工程基本完工為止,植被覆蓋率減少了1.99%。而較2003年南水北調(diào)中線工程一期工程動工,十年施工期植被覆蓋面積減少了3400hm2,植被覆蓋率減少了1.39%。而1973年-2000年期間,植被覆蓋面積僅減少了1482.89hm2,植被覆蓋率僅減少了0.60%。 (4)根據(jù)區(qū)域的特征,分析丹江口庫區(qū)植被覆蓋變化的影響驅(qū)動因子,分別闡述分析了南水北調(diào)蓄水工程、社會經(jīng)濟因子和人類活動等因素,對其丹江口庫區(qū)植被覆蓋變化的影響,同時重點提出要重視生態(tài)環(huán)境保護,加強植被恢復,為區(qū)域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供必要條件。。
[Abstract]:Since the LUCC (Land use / cover change) core plan was formally established in 1992, land use change (LUCC) is not only a hot topic in the research of global environmental change, but also a frontier issue of human sustainable development. Land use is the most important factor of land cover change, and the study of regional vegetation cover change has played an important role in the field of global change. All kinds of resource problems and environmental effects caused by land use / cover change have been paid more and more attention. On the basis of introducing and studying the regional characteristics of Danjiangkou Reservoir area, this paper takes the Danjiangkou Waterhead area as the core, through the collation and processing of the data in the past 40 years, the use of concrete analysis and research methods, as well as the application of remote sensing technology. Through sample investigation and remote sensing interpretation, the land use types and vegetation cover changes in Danjiangkou Reservoir area are analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1) according to the results of interpretation of vegetation types in the reservoir area in 2013, the present situation of vegetation in Danjiangkou reservoir area is pointed out. The total area of vegetation in the reservoir area is 191162.65 hm2, and the vegetation coverage rate in the reservoir area is 77.95. The area of broad-leaved forest accounted for 18.87 of the total vegetation area of the reservoir area; the area of coniferous forest accounted for 6.71 of the total vegetation area of the reservoir area; the area of thicket accounted for 23.28 of the total area of vegetation in the reservoir area; the area of shrub and grass accounted for 1.67 of the total area of vegetation in the reservoir area; and the area of crops accounted for the planting area of the reservoir area. The total area of 49.47 is the main vegetation type in the reservoir area. (2) based on the satellite images of 1973, 1983, 1993, 2003 and 2013, it is found that the land use types in Danjiangkou Reservoir area have changed obviously in the past 40 years, and the whole cultivated land area has been reduced. The area of forestland increased, and the land use type, which was mainly cultivated land, became the main land use type. At the same time, because of the development of regional economy, the area of construction land in the reservoir area was also the increasing trend. Through data and remote sensing interpretation in the past 40 years, the trend of vegetation cover change is analyzed. It is pointed out that the vegetation coverage in the reservoir area is decreasing as a whole, reaching 67.18 in 1973, 67.29 in 1983, 66.99 in 1993, 66.57 in 2003 and 65.19 in 2013. Compared with the initial stage of the Danjiangkou water conservancy project in 1973 and the completion of the first phase of the South-to-North Water transfer Project in 2013, the vegetation coverage rate has been reduced by 1.99 percent. Compared with the first stage of the South-to-North Water transfer Project in 2003, the vegetation coverage area decreased by 3400hm2and the vegetation coverage decreased by 1.39. From 1973 to 2000, the area of vegetation cover decreased only by 1482.89hm2, and the vegetation coverage decreased by only 0.60th and 0.60th. (4) according to the regional characteristics, this paper analyzes the driving factors of vegetation cover change in Danjiangkou Reservoir area, and expounds and analyzes the factors such as water storage project of South-to-North Water transfer Project, social and economic factors and human activities, etc. The influence of vegetation cover change in Danjiangkou reservoir area is discussed. At the same time, emphasis should be placed on ecological environment protection and vegetation restoration, so as to provide the necessary conditions for the sustainable development of the region.
【學位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：Q948

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