本文選題：亞洲絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶 + 土地退化��； 參考：《中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：土地作為一種非可再生資源,是人類基本的生產(chǎn)資料和生存環(huán)境,是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中一切生命存在的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。土地退化是在自然因素和人類活動(dòng)影響下土地生產(chǎn)能力和利用價(jià)值顯著下降的過(guò)程。土地沙化、生物多樣性退化和水土流失等土地退化現(xiàn)象日趨普遍和嚴(yán)重,破壞了自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物質(zhì)和能量的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡,威脅著全球食物安全和人類健康,并且嚴(yán)重阻礙著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,探究氣候變化背景下土地退化的驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制是實(shí)現(xiàn)自然和人類社會(huì)和諧發(fā)展的迫切需要和人類亟待解決的問(wèn)題。干旱地區(qū)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對(duì)氣候變化極為敏感,在氣候變異和人類不合理的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)影響下,土地容易發(fā)生退化。新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶主要位于亞洲內(nèi)陸干旱區(qū),其嚴(yán)重的水土流失和土地荒漠化等土地退化問(wèn)題不利于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的合作和可持續(xù)發(fā)展,因此有必要對(duì)該區(qū)域內(nèi)土地退化現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)和評(píng)價(jià),該研究對(duì)區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)、區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作以及新絲綢之路的順利推進(jìn)具有重要的理論意義。本文基于GIMMS3g和MODIS植被指數(shù)(NDVI)遙感數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合多種氣象因子?xùn)鸥駭?shù)據(jù),選用線性擬合、多元回歸和殘差多種方法開(kāi)展研究區(qū)土地退化現(xiàn)狀評(píng)價(jià),并探究土地變化的驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制,定量分析人類活動(dòng)對(duì)不同區(qū)域土地退化的影響,為制定絲綢之路土地退化防治措施提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)研究區(qū)內(nèi)溫度和潛在蒸散呈顯著上升趨勢(shì),降水上升趨勢(shì)不顯著。不同的生態(tài)區(qū)內(nèi)地中海林地和灌叢、沙漠和旱生灌叢溫度增長(zhǎng)較快,熱帶亞熱帶低緯度地區(qū)的降水變化幅度較大。研究區(qū)潛在蒸散增加趨勢(shì)和干旱指數(shù)的減少趨勢(shì)表明區(qū)域干旱程度增加。(2)研究區(qū)NDVI高值區(qū)位于中國(guó)東北、印度半島和土耳其,植被覆蓋較好,低值區(qū)集中分布在中國(guó)內(nèi)蒙東部、青藏高原南部、中亞西部和阿拉伯半島,植被覆蓋較差。1982-2013 NDVI年均值呈增加趨勢(shì)的像元比例為63.76%,主要分布在土耳其、印度半島大部分地區(qū)。NDVI經(jīng)歷了上升-下降-上升的變化趨勢(shì),地中海林地和灌叢生態(tài)區(qū)增加幅度最大,斜率為0.18/100a,氣候區(qū)內(nèi)近赤道熱帶草原變化幅度也較大,趨勢(shì)率空間均值為0.14/100a。(3)植被年均ndvi與溫度、降水空間上主要表現(xiàn)為正相關(guān),正相關(guān)像元比例分別為69.64%和74.50%。其中與降水顯著相關(guān)的像元主要分布在中亞北部和南部,印度西部和蒙古高原東部。與潛在蒸散空間上以負(fù)相關(guān)為主,負(fù)相關(guān)顯著的區(qū)域集中分布在中亞、印度半島北部、蒙古和中國(guó)內(nèi)蒙北部。與干旱指數(shù)的相關(guān)系數(shù)空間均值為0.19,呈顯著正相關(guān)的像元比例高達(dá)41.47%,集中分布在中亞、印度、蒙古高原和土耳其西部地區(qū)。植被ndvi與干旱指數(shù)的偏相關(guān)系數(shù)最高,與溫度和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化降水蒸發(fā)指數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān),與降水和潛在蒸散呈正相關(guān)。(4)亞洲絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶土地退化指數(shù)高值區(qū)位于印度半島、土耳其北部和中國(guó)的東北,植被較好,低值區(qū)則分布在中國(guó)西北、中亞西部和阿拉伯半島,植被較差,整個(gè)區(qū)域土地退化呈嚴(yán)重和較嚴(yán)重的像元比例分別為53.29%和32.66%。多年來(lái)人類活動(dòng)對(duì)植被變化呈正向作用的區(qū)域主要分布在南亞印度、中亞中部和西亞土耳其,負(fù)向作用則集中分布在中亞北部等。熱帶亞熱帶地區(qū)的土地退化現(xiàn)狀指數(shù)較高,該區(qū)域土地退化程度較輕,山地草原、灌叢和荒漠土地退化指數(shù)較小,區(qū)域土地退化程度較嚴(yán)重。土地退化動(dòng)態(tài)指數(shù)表明人類活動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)域植被變化主要起促進(jìn)作用,其中對(duì)山地草原和灌叢的植被生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)作用最強(qiáng)。(5)回歸方程模擬氣候-植被關(guān)系表明80年代人類活動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)域植被呈負(fù)作用,90年呈正向作用。熱帶森林、草原和灌叢殘差呈顯著增加趨勢(shì),人類活動(dòng)促進(jìn)了區(qū)域植被生長(zhǎng)。季節(jié)性淹沒(méi)草原和稀樹(shù)草原ndvi殘差呈顯著下降趨勢(shì),人類活動(dòng)對(duì)該區(qū)域植被呈抑制作用。寒帶氣候區(qū)和苔原氣候區(qū)ndvi殘差表現(xiàn)為降低趨勢(shì),其他氣候區(qū)ndvi殘差呈增加趨勢(shì),近赤道熱帶草原區(qū)和熱帶稀樹(shù)草原氣候區(qū)增加趨勢(shì)顯著,表明人類活動(dòng)對(duì)該區(qū)域植被生長(zhǎng)影響強(qiáng)烈。(6)中國(guó)北方ndvi和初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力(npp)空間均值分布呈東南高,西北低的空間格局,ndvi和npp呈顯著的增加趨勢(shì),趨勢(shì)率分別為0.07/100a和148gc/m2/100a2。人類活動(dòng)促進(jìn)了中國(guó)東北和陜西南部ndvi的增加,抑制了內(nèi)蒙中北部和新疆北部的增加。氣候變化抑制了東北和新疆北部ndvi的增加,促進(jìn)了內(nèi)蒙東部、陜甘南部和青藏高原東部的植被變好。潛在npp(pnpp)和npp殘差(rnpp)在空間上均以增加趨勢(shì)為主表明氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)對(duì)植被npp的促進(jìn)作用,趨勢(shì)率范圍為0—10gc/m2/y2的像元所占比例分別為68.59%和57.03%,主要分布在研究區(qū)的東部和中部。人類活動(dòng)對(duì)植被NPP呈抑制作用的區(qū)域主要集中在新疆北部和內(nèi)蒙東北部。
[Abstract]:Land, as a non renewable resource, is the basic production data and living environment of human beings. It is the material basis of all life in the ecosystem. Land degradation is a process of significant decline in land production capacity and use value under the influence of natural factors and human activities. Land desertification, biodiversity degradation and soil erosion. The phenomenon of land degradation is becoming more and more common and serious, which destroys the dynamic balance of material and energy in natural ecosystems, threatens the global food safety and human health, and seriously hinders the sustainable development of the economy and society. To explore the driving mechanism of land degradation under the background of climate change is an urgent need to realize the harmonious development of natural and human society. The fragile ecosystems in arid areas are extremely sensitive to climate change, and land is prone to degradation under the influence of climate variability and irrational human production activities. The new Silk Road Economic Zone is mainly located in the arid region of Asia, and its serious soil erosion and desertification, such as land desertification, etc. It is not conducive to regional economic cooperation and sustainable development, so it is necessary to monitor and evaluate the status of land degradation in the region, which has important theoretical significance for the restoration of regional ecosystems, regional economic cooperation and the smooth advancement of the new silk road. This paper is based on remote sensing data of the GIMMS3g and MODIS vegetation index (NDVI). In accordance with the grid data of various meteorological factors, the land degradation status of the study area was evaluated by linear fitting, multiple regression and residual methods, and the driving mechanism of land change was explored and the influence of human activities on land degradation in different regions was quantitatively analyzed. The main research was to provide scientific basis for the development of land degradation prevention measures in the silk road. The results are as follows: (1) the temperature and potential evapotranspiration in the study area are rising significantly, and the trend of precipitation rising is not significant. The temperature of the coastal woodland and shrubs, deserts and dryland shrubs in the mainland of different ecological areas is increasing rapidly, and the precipitation changes in the tropical and subtropical low latitudes are larger. The potential evapotranspiration trend and the drought index in the study area are higher. The decrease trend indicates that the degree of regional drought is increasing. (2) the high value area of NDVI in the study area is located in Northeast China, India Peninsula and Turkey, the vegetation covers better, the low value area is concentrated in the east of Inner Mongolia, the southern part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Western Central Asia and the Arabia Peninsula, and the ratio of the average annual value of vegetation coverage to poor.1982-2013 NDVI is increasing. 63.76%, the main distribution in Turkey, most of the India Peninsula,.NDVI experienced a rising - decline - rising trend, the Mediterranean woodland and shrub ecological area increased the maximum, the slope is 0.18/100a, the climate zone near the equatorial tropical steppe is also larger, the average trend rate of spatial mean of 0.14/100a. (3) average annual vegetation NDVI and temperature, There is a positive correlation in the precipitation space, and the proportion of positive correlation pixels is 69.64% and 74.50%., respectively. The pixels which are significantly related to precipitation are mainly distributed in the northern and southern parts of Central Asia, in Western India and in the eastern part of the Mongolia plateau. The negative correlation is mainly in the potential evapotranspiration space, and the region of negative correlation is concentrated in Central Asia and the north of India peninsula. The spatial mean of correlation coefficient of drought index and drought index in Mongolia and Northern Inner Mongolia is 0.19, and the proportion of significant positive correlation pixel is up to 41.47%. It is concentrated in Central Asia, India, Mongolia plateau and Western Turkey. The partial correlation coefficient of vegetation NDVI and drought index is the highest, and is negatively correlated with temperature and standardized precipitation evaporation index. There is a positive correlation between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. (4) the high value area of the land degradation index of the Asian Silk Road Economic Zone is located in India Peninsula, north of Turkey and northeast of China, with good vegetation and low value areas in Northwest China, Western Central Asia and Arabia Peninsula, with poor vegetation, and a serious and serious proportion of land degradation in the whole region. In the years of 53.29% and 32.66%., the areas where human activities have positive effects on vegetation change are mainly distributed in South Asia India, Central Asia and Western Asia, and the negative effect is concentrated in northern Central Asia. The index of land degradation in tropical subtropics is higher, and the land degradation in this region is relatively light, and the grassland, shrub and shrubs in this region. The land degradation index of desert land is smaller and the degree of land degradation is serious in the region. The dynamic index of land degradation indicates that human activity plays a major role in promoting regional vegetation change, among which the vegetation growth of mountain grassland and shrubs is the strongest. (5) the regression equation simulation climate vegetation relationship shows that in 80s human activities were on the regional vegetation. The negative effect was positive in 90 years. The residual difference in tropical forests, grassland and shrubs increased significantly. Human activities promoted the growth of regional vegetation. The NDVI residual of seasonal inundated grassland and savanna showed a significant downward trend, and human activities inhibited the vegetation in the region. The NDVI residuals in the cold zone and the tundra climate region were reduced. Trend, the NDVI residuals in other climatic regions are increasing, the increasing trend of the near equatorial and tropical savanna climate areas is significant, which indicates that human activity has a strong influence on the vegetation growth in the region. (6) the spatial mean distribution of NDVI and primary productivity (NPP) in northern China is higher in the southeast, and the spatial pattern of the northwest is low, and the NDVI and NPP are significantly increased. In addition, the trend rates of 0.07/100a and 148gc/m2/100a2., respectively, promoted the increase of NDVI in northeastern China and southern Shaanxi, inhibited the increase of North Central Inner Mongolia and Northern Xinjiang. Climate change inhibited the increase of NDVI in northeastern and Northern Xinjiang, and promoted the vegetation in eastern Inner Mongolia, Gannan and the east of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. NPP (pNPP) and NPP residuals (rnpp) are mainly in space to increase the trend of climate change and human activity to promote the vegetation NPP. The proportion of the trend rate range from 0 to 10gc/m2/y2 is 68.59% and 57.03% respectively, mainly in the eastern and middle parts of the study area. It is concentrated in northern Xinjiang and northeast of Inner Mongolia.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S158.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 朱文泉;潘耀忠;張錦水;;中國(guó)陸地植被凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力遙感估算[J];植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2007年03期

2 王建,李文君,宋冬梅,湯瀚,董光榮;近30年來(lái)民勤土地荒漠化變化遙感分析[J];遙感學(xué)報(bào);2004年03期

3 孫武,南忠仁,李保生,張勃;荒漠化指標(biāo)體系設(shè)計(jì)原則的研究[J];自然資源學(xué)報(bào);2000年02期

4 孫武,李森;土地退化評(píng)價(jià)與監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)路線的研究[J];地理科學(xué);2000年01期

5 慈龍駿;我國(guó)荒漠化發(fā)生機(jī)理與防治對(duì)策[J];第四紀(jì)研究;1998年02期

6 高尚武,王葆芳,朱靈益,王君厚,張玉貴;中國(guó)沙質(zhì)荒漠化土地監(jiān)測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系[J];林業(yè)科學(xué);1998年02期

7 李博;中國(guó)北方草地退化及其防治對(duì)策[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);1997年06期

8 董玉祥,劉毅華;土地沙漠化監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)體系的探討[J];干旱環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè);1992年03期

9 趙其國(guó);;土地退化及其防治[J];中國(guó)土地科學(xué);1991年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 亢慶;土地退化評(píng)價(jià)中土壤因子的遙感信息提取研究[D];中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（遙感應(yīng)用研究所）;2006年

，

本文編號(hào)：1855175