本文選題：淮北平原區(qū) + 旱澇均衡治理�。� 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：淮北平原區(qū)地勢(shì)平坦,降雨分配不均且年際變化大,導(dǎo)致旱澇災(zāi)害頻繁發(fā)生。本文以淮河平原區(qū)淺層地下水高效利用為核心展開(kāi)研究,選取砂礓黑土和黃潮土種植下的小麥和大豆兩種作物為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)作物的需水規(guī)律、地下水利用規(guī)律分階段研究,確定作物適宜地下水埋深,以作物適宜地下水埋深為目標(biāo),利用橡膠壩的控制作用以及河溝地表水對(duì)地下水的補(bǔ)排作用,通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)娜斯ふ{(diào)控地下水位達(dá)到作物旱澇均衡治理適宜地下水埋深。主要研究成果如下： (1)旱作物多年平均地下水利用量高峰在5月和8月,小麥生育期為10月-次年5月,全生育期內(nèi)對(duì)黃潮土區(qū)地下水利用總量大于砂礓黑土區(qū),抽穗～灌漿和灌漿～成熟兩個(gè)生育期對(duì)下水利用量最多,根據(jù)不同時(shí)段小麥對(duì)地下水利用情況分析得：小麥在砂礓黑土區(qū)最佳地下水埋深為0.8m,黃潮土區(qū)最佳地下水埋深為1.0m。從小麥根系發(fā)育過(guò)程分析,地下水埋深宜控制1.0-1.5m,利用小麥根系對(duì)水分的吸收。 (2)大豆生育期為6-9月,全生育期內(nèi)對(duì)黃潮土區(qū)地下水利用總量大于砂礓黑土區(qū),開(kāi)花～鼓粒和鼓�！墒靸蓚�(gè)生育期對(duì)下水利用量最多,根據(jù)不同時(shí)段的大豆對(duì)地下水的利用情況分析得：大豆在砂礓黑土區(qū)最佳地下水埋深為0.8m,黃潮土區(qū)最佳地下水埋深為1.0m。從大豆根系發(fā)育過(guò)程分析,地下水埋深宜控制0.8-1.4m,利用大豆根系對(duì)水分的吸收。 (3)根據(jù)作物全生育期內(nèi)盈虧水量分析,大豆基本處于水分盈余狀態(tài),通過(guò)調(diào)控地下水位達(dá)到作物吸水層及時(shí)減少水分補(bǔ)給,防止大豆受澇水影響。立倉(cāng)試驗(yàn)區(qū)平均地下水埋深為1.95m,板橋試驗(yàn)區(qū)平均地下水埋深為2.69m,以適宜地下水埋深0.8-1.0m為調(diào)控目標(biāo),其控制地下水調(diào)控范圍分別為1.15～0.95m、1.89～1.69m。 (4)根據(jù)河溝地表水對(duì)地下水的補(bǔ)排寬度分析得：在立倉(cāng)試驗(yàn)區(qū),垂直芡河500m(一側(cè)距離)以內(nèi)的區(qū)域,在橡膠壩的調(diào)控作用下,地下水位均受到明顯的補(bǔ)給作用,垂直洪橋溝200mm(兩側(cè)距離)以內(nèi)的區(qū)域,地下水位均受到一定的補(bǔ)給作用,漁橋溝與干溝地下水排泄寬度為100m左右。 板橋試驗(yàn)區(qū),垂直北淝河700m(一側(cè)距離)以內(nèi)的區(qū)域,地下水位的變化受到河溝地表水對(duì)其的補(bǔ)給影響作用。鹿莊溝地下水排泄寬度為300m-400m,玉亭溝與白馬溝地下水排泄寬度范圍500m。 (5)通過(guò)對(duì)兩種作物的生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程分析以及河溝調(diào)控地下水分析,在不同生育階段及時(shí)進(jìn)行合理的補(bǔ)排水措施,可減少作物受早澇影響,保證作物產(chǎn)量及質(zhì)量,提高地下水利用效率。 本文以作物適宜地下水埋深為研究目標(biāo)適時(shí)調(diào)控地下水位,研究成果可為淮北平原區(qū)農(nóng)田旱澇均衡治理提供思路及理論依據(jù)；對(duì)淮河流域平原區(qū)農(nóng)田排水工程規(guī)劃、地下水埋深調(diào)整思路等具有指導(dǎo)作用；對(duì)促進(jìn)流域地下水的高效利用,緩解區(qū)域水資源短缺矛盾,促進(jìn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The Huaibei Plain area is flat with uneven rainfall distribution and great interannual variation, which results in frequent drought and waterlogging disasters. In this paper, the high efficient utilization of shallow groundwater in Huaihe Plain area was studied. Two crops, wheat and soybean planted in sandy black soil and yellow tide soil, were selected as the research objects. The water demand and groundwater utilization law of crops were studied in different stages. In order to determine the suitable groundwater depth of crops, the control effect of rubber dam and the recharge and discharge of surface water to groundwater are taken as the target. Through proper artificial control of groundwater level, the suitable groundwater depth of crop drought and flood control can be achieved. The main findings are as follows: (1) the annual average groundwater use of dry crops was highest in May and August, and the growth period of wheat was from October to May of the following year. The total amount of groundwater utilization in Yellow Chao soil region was larger than that in sandy black soil area during the whole growth period. According to the analysis of the groundwater utilization of wheat in different periods, the optimum groundwater depth of wheat was 0.8 m in the sandy black soil area and 1.0 m in the yellow tide soil area. According to the analysis of wheat root system development, the groundwater depth should be controlled 1.0-1.5 m, and the water absorption of wheat root system should be used. (2) the growth period of soybean is from June to September. The total utilization of groundwater in the Yellow Chao soil region is larger than that in the sandy black soil area. Based on the analysis of the groundwater utilization of soybean in different periods, it was found that the optimum groundwater depth of soybean was 0.8 m in sandy black soil area and 1.0 m in yellow tide soil area. According to the analysis of soybean root system development, the groundwater depth should be controlled 0.8-1.4 m, and the water absorption of soybean root system should be used. 3) according to the analysis of yield and loss water in the whole growth period of crops, soybean is basically in the state of water surplus, and it can reduce the water supply in time by controlling the groundwater level to reduce the water supply in time, and prevent the soybean from being affected by waterlogging. The average groundwater depth in Likang experimental area is 1.95 m, and that in Banqiao experimental area is 2.69 m.The suitable groundwater depth of 0.8-1.0 m is taken as the control target, and the range of controlling groundwater is 1.150.95 mand 1.891.69 mm. (4) according to the analysis of the width of groundwater recharge by surface water in the river trench, it is concluded that in the area within 500 m (one side distance) of the vertical Euryale River, the groundwater level is obviously recharged under the control of the rubber dam in the test area of the vertical Euryale River. In the area of 200 mm vertical Hongqiao ditch (distance between two sides), the groundwater level is recharged to a certain extent, and the groundwater discharge width of Yuqiao ditch and dry ditch is about 100 m. In Banqiao experimental area, within 700 m (side distance) of Beifeihe River, the change of groundwater level is affected by the recharge of surface water. The groundwater discharge width of Luzhuanggou is 300m-400m, and that of Yuting ditch and Baimagou is 500m. 5) through the analysis of the growth process of the two crops and the analysis of the regulation and control of the groundwater in the river channel, reasonable rehydration and drainage measures can be carried out in different growth stages in order to reduce the effect of the early waterlogging on the crops and to ensure the yield and quality of the crops. Improve the efficiency of groundwater utilization. In this paper, the suitable groundwater depth of crops is taken as the research goal to timely regulate the groundwater level, and the research results can provide the train of thought and theoretical basis for the balanced control of farmland drought and flood in Huaibei Plain, and the planning of farmland drainage engineering in the plain area of Huaihe River Basin. It is of great significance to promote the efficient utilization of groundwater, alleviate the contradiction of regional water resources shortage and promote the sustainable development of regional economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：S273.1

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