本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè) + 空間格局�。� 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)文明建設(shè)已被納入國家“五位一體”戰(zhàn)略布局之中,農(nóng)業(yè)是生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵組成部分。開展基于生態(tài)文明視角的農(nóng)業(yè)空間格局評價與優(yōu)化研究,對于客觀認識我國農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明程度,優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展格局,統(tǒng)籌推進生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、綠色化發(fā)展,具有十分重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。本文在界定農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明概念和內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了以農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明指數(shù)和協(xié)調(diào)度為表征的農(nóng)業(yè)空間格局評價方法,對我國各省(市、區(qū))及典型區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明指數(shù)、協(xié)調(diào)度和時空分異特征進行了評價,提出了農(nóng)業(yè)空間格局優(yōu)化方向和對策建議。主要結(jié)論如下:第一,界定了農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明的概念和內(nèi)涵。研究認為,農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明是指在生態(tài)文明理念指導下,以生產(chǎn)力持續(xù)提高、資源永續(xù)利用、生態(tài)環(huán)境改善和社會繁榮發(fā)展為目標,實現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、農(nóng)民生活改善、農(nóng)村生態(tài)良好的三生共贏,最終實現(xiàn)人與自然和諧發(fā)展。第二,構(gòu)建了農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明指數(shù)評價指標體系和綜合評價模型,采用層次分析法結(jié)合德爾斐法確定指標權(quán)重。定量評價了2013年我國各省區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明指數(shù)及其各支撐系統(tǒng)指數(shù)。結(jié)果表明,我國各省區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明指數(shù)總體偏低,呈現(xiàn)梯度性差異,各支撐系統(tǒng)的區(qū)域差異十分顯著。第三,運用系統(tǒng)聚類法對農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明指數(shù)評價結(jié)果進行了聚類分析,將全國31個省區(qū)劃分為5類區(qū)域,分別是高水平均衡發(fā)展區(qū)、中高水平生態(tài)環(huán)境壓力區(qū)、中水平資源利用壓力區(qū)、中低水平產(chǎn)業(yè)社會發(fā)展壓力區(qū)和低水平非均衡發(fā)展區(qū)。第四,基于離差系數(shù)原理構(gòu)建了農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明協(xié)調(diào)度評價模型,定量分析了黑龍江、河南、四川三個典型區(qū)域2007~2013年農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明指數(shù)及其協(xié)調(diào)度的時空分異與演化特征。結(jié)果表明,三個典型區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明指數(shù)及協(xié)調(diào)度顯著提升,均已先后達到“良好協(xié)調(diào)”水平,但各子系統(tǒng)支撐作用的時空分異特征明顯。第五,分析確立了不同區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)空間格局優(yōu)化的方向和路徑。(1)高水平均衡發(fā)展區(qū)在穩(wěn)步提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品綜合生產(chǎn)能力的基礎(chǔ)上,更加重視生態(tài)環(huán)境保護和資源高效利用;(2)中高水平生態(tài)環(huán)境壓力區(qū)充分利用區(qū)域經(jīng)濟社會優(yōu)勢,促進一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合,加大生態(tài)環(huán)境保護投入,提高資源利用水平;(3)中水平資源利用壓力區(qū)充分發(fā)揮區(qū)位優(yōu)勢,發(fā)展高科技都市現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),降低生態(tài)環(huán)境負荷,提高資源利用水平,充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)業(yè)的多功能作用,實現(xiàn)城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展;(4)中低水平產(chǎn)業(yè)社會發(fā)展壓力區(qū)堅持保護與發(fā)展并重,立足區(qū)域資源稟賦和生態(tài)環(huán)境條件,適度挖掘潛力,形成特色產(chǎn)業(yè),提高資源利用率,不斷改善農(nóng)村收入水平和生活條件;(5)低水平非均衡發(fā)展區(qū)堅持保護優(yōu)先、限制開發(fā),在保護好生態(tài)環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)上,適度發(fā)展生態(tài)產(chǎn)業(yè)和高原特色產(chǎn)業(yè),以產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的延伸帶動區(qū)域農(nóng)牧民增收。第六,提出了優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)空間格局的對策建議。(1)發(fā)揮市場在農(nóng)業(yè)空間格局優(yōu)化中的資源配置作用;(2)加強政府對農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的支持和監(jiān)管作用;(3)發(fā)揮現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營體系在生態(tài)文明建設(shè)中的主體作用;(4)釋放農(nóng)業(yè)一二三產(chǎn)業(yè)融合的乘數(shù)效應(yīng);(5)強化創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動對農(nóng)業(yè)綠色化發(fā)展的引領(lǐng)支撐作用;(6)發(fā)揮兩個市場、兩種資源對農(nóng)業(yè)空間格局優(yōu)化的協(xié)調(diào)平衡作用。
[Abstract]:The construction of ecological civilization has been incorporated into the strategic layout of the national "five in one", and agriculture is the key component of the construction of ecological civilization. The evaluation and optimization of agricultural spatial pattern based on the perspective of ecological civilization has been carried out to objectively recognize the degree of agricultural ecological civilization in our country, optimize the development pattern of agriculture and promote the construction of ecological civilization as a whole. On the basis of defining the concept and connotation of agricultural ecological civilization, this paper sets up an evaluation method of agricultural spatial pattern characterized by agro ecological civilization index and coordination degree, and provides the index of agricultural ecological civilization in various provinces (cities, districts) and typical regions in China. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the concept and connotation of agricultural ecological civilization are defined. It is considered that agricultural ecological civilization refers to the continuous improvement of productivity, sustainable utilization of resources and the ecological environment change under the guidance of the ecological civilization concept. The goal of good and social prosperity and development is to realize the development of agricultural production, the improvement of farmers' life, the win-win of the rural ecology, and the harmonious development of human and nature. Second, the index system and the comprehensive evaluation model of the agricultural ecological civilization index are constructed, and the index weight is determined by the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method. The index of agro ecological civilization index and its supporting system index in every province and region of China in 2013 showed that the agricultural ecological civilization index of various provinces and regions in China was generally on the low side, showing a gradient difference, and the regional differences of each supporting system were very significant. Third, the clustering method of systematic clustering method was used to cluster analysis on the evaluation results of agricultural raw civilization index. 31 provinces and regions in China are divided into 5 types, which are high level Balanced Development Zone, medium and high level ecological environment pressure area, medium and horizontal resource utilization pressure area, low and middle level industrial social development pressure area and low level unbalanced development zone. Fourth, based on the principle of deviation coefficient, the evaluation model of agricultural ecological civilization coordination degree is constructed, and the quantitative analysis is made. The spatial and temporal differentiation and evolution of the agro ecological civilization index and its coordination degree in three typical regions of Heilongjiang, Henan and Sichuan, the results show that the agro ecological civilization index and coordination degree of the three typical regions have increased significantly, all of which have reached "good coordination", but the spatial and temporal characteristics of the supporting role of each subsystem. Fifth, the analysis has established the direction and path of the optimization of agricultural spatial pattern in different regions. (1) on the basis of steadily improving the comprehensive production capacity of agricultural products, the high level Balanced Development Zone pays more attention to the protection of the ecological environment and the efficient utilization of resources; (2) the middle and high level ecological environment pressure areas make full use of the regional economic and social advantages and promote the economic and social advantages of the high level ecological environment. 123 industry integration, increase the investment in the ecological environment protection, improve the utilization level of resources; (3) the level of the horizontal resources in the use of pressure area to fully play the advantage of location, the development of high-tech urban modern agriculture, reduce the ecological environment load, improve the level of resource utilization, fully play the multi-functional role of agricultural industry, and achieve urban and rural integration development; (4) low and medium level The pressure zone of industrial and social development insists on the equal importance of protection and development, based on regional resources endowment and ecological environment conditions, excavating potential, forming characteristic industries, improving the utilization rate of resources, constantly improving the rural income level and living conditions, and (5) the low level unbalanced development zones adhere to protection priority, limit the development and protect the ecological environment. On the base, the appropriate development of ecological industry and plateau characteristic industry, with the extension of the industrial chain to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen in the region. Sixth, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the spatial pattern of agriculture. (1) play the role of market in the allocation of resources in the optimization of agricultural space pattern; (2) strengthen the government's support and supervision of the construction of agricultural ecological civilization; (3) The main role of the modern agricultural management system in the construction of ecological civilization; (4) releasing the multiplier effect of the 123 industrial integration of agriculture; (5) strengthening the leading role of innovation driving to the green development of agriculture; (6) playing two markets and the coordination and balance of two resources to the optimization of agricultural spatial pattern.

【學位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F327
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本文編號：1804062