本文選題：宅基地退出 + 制度變遷　； 參考：《中共浙江省委黨�！�2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在城鎮(zhèn)化的大趨勢下,農(nóng)民逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭忻?宅基地退出就成為了我國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展面臨的現(xiàn)實課題。宅基地退出是指轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭忻竦霓r(nóng)民將其閑置宅基地的權屬轉(zhuǎn)移給其他農(nóng)民、村集體、企業(yè)等對象,同時獲得相應的補償。構(gòu)建合理的宅基地退出機制,是新型城鎮(zhèn)化的重要組成部分,有利于土地集約利用、提高農(nóng)民生活水平、實現(xiàn)農(nóng)民市民化。本文重點研究:(1)宅基地產(chǎn)權制度變遷趨勢分析。國有、私有、集體所有三種宅基地產(chǎn)權形式中,集體所有效率最高,但現(xiàn)有集體所有制具有限制流轉(zhuǎn)、無償無限期使用等特征,造成一戶多宅、空心村、小產(chǎn)權房等問題。根據(jù)宅基地的政治穩(wěn)定、居住保障、經(jīng)濟財產(chǎn)三大功能定位,探討可行產(chǎn)權結(jié)構(gòu)為集體所有、農(nóng)民使用、國家管制、收益共享、賦予農(nóng)民轉(zhuǎn)讓權,宅基地制度變遷趨勢是實現(xiàn)合法自由流轉(zhuǎn)。(2)浙江省宅基地退出典型案例對比分析。對比研究嘉興“兩分兩換”、溫州“三分三改”、寧波“農(nóng)房兩改”發(fā)現(xiàn):各地宅基地退出試驗促進了土地集約利用,提高了農(nóng)民生活水平,但沒有真正實現(xiàn)市民化;農(nóng)戶的情況存在差異,政府主導型宅基地退出無法兼顧各類農(nóng)戶意愿,影響宅基地退出進程。因此,自由流轉(zhuǎn)目前尚不可行,但市場化變革方向符合實際。本文主要結(jié)論是:宅基地最優(yōu)產(chǎn)權結(jié)構(gòu)安排為集體所有、農(nóng)民使用、政府管制、收益共享的基礎上賦予農(nóng)民一定的轉(zhuǎn)讓權,未來可行的宅基地退出路徑應該朝市場化方向變革。首先對國內(nèi)外學者的研究進行綜述,提出宅基地退出機制缺失問題;其次探討宅基地最適產(chǎn)權結(jié)構(gòu)安排,構(gòu)建產(chǎn)權制度變遷可行路徑;然后綜合運用已有文獻和實地調(diào)研進行多案例對比分析,加以驗證與糾正;最后得出結(jié)論,提出相應對策建議,是本文邏輯所在。目前我國的宅基地退出實踐主要發(fā)生于經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)或是城市邊緣地區(qū),這類地區(qū)土地相對價格高,能夠推動宅基地退出。但我國現(xiàn)有政府主導型宅基地退出并不完善,不能兼顧各類農(nóng)戶的意愿,在具體操作過程中引發(fā)各種問題。因此,如何完善現(xiàn)有宅基地退出制度是學者必須研究的內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Under the trend of urbanization, farmers gradually change into citizens, and homestead withdrawal has become a realistic subject for the development of regional economy in our country. Homestead withdrawal means that the peasants who turn into citizens transfer the ownership of their idle homestead to other farmers, village collectives, enterprises and other objects, and get the corresponding compensation at the same time. It is an important part of new urbanization to construct a reasonable exit mechanism of homestead, which is beneficial to intensive use of land, improvement of farmers' living standard and realization of farmer's citizenship. This paper focuses on the analysis of the trend of the change of the homestead property system. Among the three forms of homestead property right, state-owned, privately owned and collective-owned, collective ownership is the most efficient, but the existing collective ownership has the characteristics of limiting circulation and using it indefinitely, thus causing problems such as multi-house, hollow village, small property right house and so on. According to the three functions of political stability, housing security and economic property, this paper probes into the feasible property right structure for collective ownership, farmers use, state control, income sharing, and endowing peasants with the right to transfer. The change trend of homestead system is to realize legal free circulation. 2) A comparative analysis of typical cases of homestead withdrawal in Zhejiang Province. The comparative study of Jiaxing "two points and two exchanges", Wenzhou "three thirds and three reforms", Ningbo "rural house two reforms" found that: the withdrawal of residential land around the test to promote the intensive use of land, improve the standard of living of farmers, but did not really realize the city; There are differences in the situation of farmers, the government-led homestead withdrawal can not take into account the wishes of all kinds of farmers, affecting the process of homestead withdrawal. Therefore, free circulation is not feasible at present, but the direction of market-oriented reform is in line with reality. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: on the basis of collective ownership, farmers' use, government control and income sharing, the optimal property structure of homestead should be given certain transfer rights, and the feasible exit path of homestead in the future should be changed towards marketization. Firstly, it summarizes the research of domestic and foreign scholars, and puts forward the problem of the absence of homestead withdrawal mechanism, and then probes into the optimal structure of homestead property right, and constructs the feasible path of property right system change. Then comprehensive use of existing literature and field research for multi-case comparative analysis to verify and correct; finally draw a conclusion and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions is the logic of this paper. At present, the practice of homestead withdrawal in China mainly occurs in economically developed areas or in urban fringe areas, where land prices are relatively high, which can promote homestead withdrawal. However, the exiting of the government-led homestead is not perfect in our country, and it can not give consideration to the wishes of all kinds of farmers and cause all kinds of problems in the concrete operation process. Therefore, how to improve the existing homestead withdrawal system is the content that scholars must study.
【學位授予單位】：中共浙江省委黨校
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F301.3

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