本文選題：人力資本　切入點：城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距　出處：《安徽財經大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：收入分配是經濟學研究的核心內容之一,收入分配的公平與否關系著廣大民眾的切身利益,也關系到一個國家的長久穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展。收入分配不公,城鄉(xiāng)差距過大已成為當前經濟與社會發(fā)展的重要特征,是亟待改革的領域之一,引起了政府和民眾的廣泛關注。 改革開放以來,我國經濟發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的成就,居民收入快速增長,然而,城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距也在波動中逐漸擴大。城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比由1978年的2.56擴大到2011年的3.13,絕對收入差距則由209元增加到14832元,較改革開放之初擴大了71倍,我國已成為世界上城鄉(xiāng)收入差距最嚴重的國家之一。城鄉(xiāng)人力資本差距是城鄉(xiāng)差距的另一體現,也是造成城鄉(xiāng)收入差距拉大的重要原因。目前,我國農村在教育、醫(yī)療和科研、培訓等方面與城市差距明顯,2010年農村居民平均受教育年限是7.80年,城鎮(zhèn)是10.07年,相差2.27年。而在家庭教育和醫(yī)療支出方面城鎮(zhèn)分別是農村的4.7和3.5倍,考慮到區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展水平的差異,那么,顯然,中西部偏遠農村地區(qū)的教育、醫(yī)療水平更是遠遠落后。 本文選擇從人力資本角度分析城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的變動以及對農民增收的影響機制。在參考大量相關研究文獻基礎上,運用定量與定性分析相結合、規(guī)范分析與實證分析相結合的方法,對城鄉(xiāng)居民人力資本存量和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距變動情況進行了分析研究。在實證研究部分,采用了省級面板數據的固定效應模型分析了人力資本對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響,采用時間序列數據的誤差修正模型分析了農村人力資本投資回報率變動,結合實證分析結果和現實狀況,提出了增加農民收入,縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的對策建議。 為了提高農民收入水平,必須加強農村人力資本積累,政府應加大對農村地區(qū)的教育投入,全面提升農村居民受教育水平；擴大醫(yī)療保障范圍,改善農村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生狀況；推動戶籍制度改革,促進農村勞動力合理有序流動,并提高農村地區(qū)人力資本投資回報率。
[Abstract]:Income distribution is one of the core contents of economic research. Whether the income distribution is fair or not is related to the vital interests of the general public, but also to the long-term stability and development of a country. The large gap between urban and rural areas has become an important feature of the current economic and social development, is one of the areas of urgent need of reform, and has aroused widespread concern of the government and the public. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements, residents' income has increased rapidly, however, The income gap between urban and rural residents is also gradually widening. The per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents has expanded from 2.56 in 1978 to 3.13 in 2011, while the absolute income gap has increased from 209 yuan to 14832 yuan, which is 71 times larger than at the beginning of reform and opening up. China has become one of the countries with the most serious urban-rural income gap in the world. The urban-rural human capital gap is another embodiment of the urban-rural gap and an important reason for the widening urban-rural income gap. At present, China's rural areas are engaged in education, medical treatment and scientific research. In 2010, the average number of years of education for rural residents was 7.80 years, compared with 10.07 years in towns, which was 2.27 years. In terms of family education and medical expenses, the average number of years of education in rural areas was 4.7 times that in rural areas, and 3.5 times that in rural areas. Considering the difference of regional economic development level, it is obvious that the education and medical treatment level of the remote rural areas in the central and western regions are far behind. This paper chooses to analyze the change of income gap between urban and rural residents from the angle of human capital and the influence mechanism on the increase of farmers' income. On the basis of reference to a large number of relevant research documents, this paper combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. Combining normative analysis with empirical analysis, this paper analyzes the changes of human capital stock and urban-rural income gap among urban and rural residents. The fixed effect model of provincial panel data is used to analyze the impact of human capital on urban-rural income gap, and the error correction model of time series data is used to analyze the change of return on investment in rural human capital. Based on the results of empirical analysis and the actual situation, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to increase farmers' income and narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. In order to improve the income level of farmers, we must strengthen the accumulation of rural human capital, the government should increase the education investment in rural areas, improve the education level of rural residents in an all-round way, expand the scope of medical security, improve the medical and health status in rural areas. Promote the reform of household registration system, promote the rational and orderly flow of rural labor force, and improve the rate of return on investment of human capital in rural areas.
【學位授予單位】：安徽財經大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F124.7;F249.21

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本文編號：1662429