本文選題：人力資本　切入點(diǎn)：城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距　出處：《安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：收入分配是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究的核心內(nèi)容之一,收入分配的公平與否關(guān)系著廣大民眾的切身利益,也關(guān)系到一個(gè)國家的長久穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展。收入分配不公,城鄉(xiāng)差距過大已成為當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要特征,是亟待改革的領(lǐng)域之一,引起了政府和民眾的廣泛關(guān)注。 改革開放以來,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的成就,居民收入快速增長,然而,城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距也在波動(dòng)中逐漸擴(kuò)大。城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比由1978年的2.56擴(kuò)大到2011年的3.13,絕對(duì)收入差距則由209元增加到14832元,較改革開放之初擴(kuò)大了71倍,我國已成為世界上城鄉(xiāng)收入差距最嚴(yán)重的國家之一。城鄉(xiāng)人力資本差距是城鄉(xiāng)差距的另一體現(xiàn),也是造成城鄉(xiāng)收入差距拉大的重要原因。目前,我國農(nóng)村在教育、醫(yī)療和科研、培訓(xùn)等方面與城市差距明顯,2010年農(nóng)村居民平均受教育年限是7.80年,城鎮(zhèn)是10.07年,相差2.27年。而在家庭教育和醫(yī)療支出方面城鎮(zhèn)分別是農(nóng)村的4.7和3.5倍,考慮到區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的差異,那么,顯然,中西部偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的教育、醫(yī)療水平更是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后。 本文選擇從人力資本角度分析城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的變動(dòng)以及對(duì)農(nóng)民增收的影響機(jī)制。在參考大量相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用定量與定性分析相結(jié)合、規(guī)范分析與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民人力資本存量和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距變動(dòng)情況進(jìn)行了分析研究。在實(shí)證研究部分,采用了省級(jí)面板數(shù)據(jù)的固定效應(yīng)模型分析了人力資本對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響,采用時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)的誤差修正模型分析了農(nóng)村人力資本投資回報(bào)率變動(dòng),結(jié)合實(shí)證分析結(jié)果和現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況,提出了增加農(nóng)民收入,縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的對(duì)策建議。 為了提高農(nóng)民收入水平,必須加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村人力資本積累,政府應(yīng)加大對(duì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的教育投入,全面提升農(nóng)村居民受教育水平；擴(kuò)大醫(yī)療保障范圍,改善農(nóng)村醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生狀況；推動(dòng)戶籍制度改革,促進(jìn)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力合理有序流動(dòng),并提高農(nóng)村地區(qū)人力資本投資回報(bào)率。
[Abstract]:Income distribution is one of the core contents of economic research. Whether the income distribution is fair or not is related to the vital interests of the general public, but also to the long-term stability and development of a country. The large gap between urban and rural areas has become an important feature of the current economic and social development, is one of the areas of urgent need of reform, and has aroused widespread concern of the government and the public. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements, residents' income has increased rapidly, however, The income gap between urban and rural residents is also gradually widening. The per capita income ratio of urban and rural residents has expanded from 2.56 in 1978 to 3.13 in 2011, while the absolute income gap has increased from 209 yuan to 14832 yuan, which is 71 times larger than at the beginning of reform and opening up. China has become one of the countries with the most serious urban-rural income gap in the world. The urban-rural human capital gap is another embodiment of the urban-rural gap and an important reason for the widening urban-rural income gap. At present, China's rural areas are engaged in education, medical treatment and scientific research. In 2010, the average number of years of education for rural residents was 7.80 years, compared with 10.07 years in towns, which was 2.27 years. In terms of family education and medical expenses, the average number of years of education in rural areas was 4.7 times that in rural areas, and 3.5 times that in rural areas. Considering the difference of regional economic development level, it is obvious that the education and medical treatment level of the remote rural areas in the central and western regions are far behind. This paper chooses to analyze the change of income gap between urban and rural residents from the angle of human capital and the influence mechanism on the increase of farmers' income. On the basis of reference to a large number of relevant research documents, this paper combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. Combining normative analysis with empirical analysis, this paper analyzes the changes of human capital stock and urban-rural income gap among urban and rural residents. The fixed effect model of provincial panel data is used to analyze the impact of human capital on urban-rural income gap, and the error correction model of time series data is used to analyze the change of return on investment in rural human capital. Based on the results of empirical analysis and the actual situation, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to increase farmers' income and narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. In order to improve the income level of farmers, we must strengthen the accumulation of rural human capital, the government should increase the education investment in rural areas, improve the education level of rural residents in an all-round way, expand the scope of medical security, improve the medical and health status in rural areas. Promote the reform of household registration system, promote the rational and orderly flow of rural labor force, and improve the rate of return on investment of human capital in rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7;F249.21

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