本文選題：生態(tài)安全　切入點(diǎn)：生態(tài)足跡　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境乃是全人類的生存和發(fā)展空間,其安全性直接關(guān)系到區(qū)域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。目前,與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展相伴而來的是生態(tài)問題的日趨嚴(yán)重,因此,評(píng)估生態(tài)安全問題成為國內(nèi)外研究的熱點(diǎn)之一 作為湖南省的“魚米之鄉(xiāng)”,洞庭湖區(qū)域具有良好發(fā)展的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)、交通優(yōu)勢(shì)和人文底蘊(yùn),隨著“洞庭湖生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)”的提出,這一區(qū)域更是引起了社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注�！笆濉币�(guī)劃以來,洞庭湖區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,經(jīng)濟(jì)總量不斷提高,但粗放式發(fā)展卻給湖區(qū)生態(tài)和社會(huì)帶來嚴(yán)重影響：自然災(zāi)害頻繁,水體污染嚴(yán)重,濕地面積大幅縮減,生態(tài)壓力上升,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)欠合理,民生問題嚴(yán)重等。 因此,本文在分析洞庭湖生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和問題的前提下,選取2002年、2007年和2012年的數(shù)據(jù)資料,采用目前國際較為流行的生態(tài)足跡法,從人類對(duì)自然資源的開采、利用和釋放廢棄物的速度是否超過了自然系統(tǒng)的再生速度和自凈能力的視角出發(fā),研究區(qū)域的發(fā)展是否處于可持續(xù)狀態(tài),生態(tài)是否安全。借助excel和arcgis工具,從時(shí)間和空間維度對(duì)洞庭湖生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)25個(gè)縣市區(qū)的生態(tài)痕跡、生態(tài)承載力、生態(tài)盈虧、生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)等進(jìn)行了分析和評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明： (1)洞庭湖生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)各縣市區(qū)的人均生態(tài)占用普遍偏高,并呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),大部分縣市區(qū)的人均占用從2002年的0.5-1.5hm2之間增長(zhǎng)到2012年的1.5-2.5hm2之間；西部和東部高于中部地區(qū)。人均生態(tài)承載力呈穩(wěn)定波動(dòng)狀態(tài),絕大多數(shù)縣市區(qū)的人均生態(tài)承載力在0.1-0.9hm2之間,三個(gè)年份中人均生態(tài)承載力都比較高的是桃源縣、石門縣、安化縣等；人口眾多、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的設(shè)市區(qū)的人均生態(tài)承載力普遍低于縣域。各縣市區(qū)都處于生態(tài)赤字狀態(tài),且隨著時(shí)間的變化,絕大多數(shù)縣市區(qū)的人均生態(tài)赤字呈增大的趨勢(shì),區(qū)內(nèi)生態(tài)環(huán)境供需矛盾日益突出。 (2)區(qū)域內(nèi)各縣市區(qū)的萬元GDP生態(tài)足跡都呈下降趨勢(shì),表明資源利用效率不斷提高,并且經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、技術(shù)進(jìn)步背景下,其速度也日益加快；縣域的萬元GDP生態(tài)足跡比設(shè)市區(qū)高,說明縣域的資源利用效率普遍比市區(qū)低。 (3)通過對(duì)洞庭湖生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)各縣市區(qū)的生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)的計(jì)算,可得出各地區(qū)所面臨的生態(tài)壓力不斷增大。根據(jù)生態(tài)壓力指數(shù)等級(jí)劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),2002年各縣市區(qū)分屬于三個(gè)等級(jí),只有一少部分縣市區(qū)處于生態(tài)極不安全狀態(tài),大部分屬于很不安全,到2007年和2012年只有兩個(gè)縣區(qū)屬于很不安全狀態(tài),其余各縣市區(qū)都是極不安全狀態(tài),生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的承受能力與人類經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度之間凸現(xiàn)出尖銳的矛盾。 (4)根據(jù)上述結(jié)論,結(jié)合洞庭湖生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)存在的問題和原因分析,提出對(duì)策建議。合理規(guī)劃湖區(qū)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū),堅(jiān)持生態(tài)優(yōu)先,完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方向,發(fā)展生態(tài)、綠色經(jīng)濟(jì),促進(jìn)區(qū)內(nèi)自然、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,實(shí)現(xiàn)人地協(xié)調(diào)共生,保障區(qū)域生態(tài)安全。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment is the living and developing space of all mankind, and its security is directly related to the sustainable development of the region. At present, the ecological problems are becoming more and more serious along with the rapid development of social economy. Assessment of ecological security has become one of the hotspots in domestic and foreign research. As the "land of fish and rice" in Hunan Province, the Dongting Lake region has good regional advantages, industrial basis, transportation advantages and humanistic details. With the development of "Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone", Since the 10th Five-Year Plan, the economy of Dongting Lake has developed rapidly and the total economic volume has been increasing. However, extensive development has brought serious impacts on the ecology and society of the lake region: frequent natural disasters. Serious water pollution, large reduction of wetland area, rising ecological pressure, unreasonable industrial structure, serious livelihood problems and so on. Therefore, on the premise of analyzing the advantages and problems of the ecological economic zone of Dongting Lake, this paper selects the data of 2002, 2007 and 2012, and adopts the ecological footprint method, which is popular in the world at present, to exploit the natural resources from human beings. From the perspective of whether the rate of utilization and release of waste exceeds the regeneration rate and self-purification ability of natural systems, the paper studies whether the development of the region is sustainable and whether the ecology is safe. With the help of excel and arcgis tools, The ecological trace, ecological carrying capacity, ecological profit and loss and ecological pressure index of 25 counties and cities in Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone were analyzed and evaluated from time and space dimensions. The results showed that:. 1) the per capita ecological occupation of each county in Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone is on the high side, and the per capita occupation of most counties and cities increases from 0.5-1.5hm2 in 2002 to 1.5-2.5hm2 in 2012; The per capita ecological carrying capacity of the western and eastern regions is higher than that of the central region. The per capita ecological carrying capacity of most counties and urban areas is between 0.1-0.9hm2. In the three years, the per capita ecological carrying capacity is higher in Taoyuan County and Shimen County. Anhua County and so on; the per capita ecological carrying capacity of urban areas with large populations and developed economies is generally lower than that of counties. All counties and cities are in a state of ecological deficit, and with the change of time, the per capita ecological deficit of most counties and urban areas tends to increase. The contradiction between supply and demand of ecological environment is becoming more and more prominent. (2) the ecological footprint of ten thousand yuan (GDP) in every county and urban area in the region shows a downward trend, which indicates that the utilization efficiency of resources is constantly improving, and the speed of the ecological footprint of ten thousand yuan GDP is higher than that of the urban area under the background of economic development and technological progress, and the ecological footprint of ten thousand yuan in the county area is higher than that in the urban area. It shows that the efficiency of resource utilization in county area is generally lower than that in urban area. 3) by calculating the ecological pressure index of the counties and cities in Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, it can be concluded that the ecological pressure in each area is increasing continuously. According to the classification standard of ecological pressure index, each county and urban district belongs to three grades in 2002. Only a small number of counties and municipalities are in a state of extreme ecological insecurity, most of which are very unsafe. By 2007 and 2012, only two counties and districts were in a very unsafe state, while the rest of the counties and municipalities were extremely unsafe. There is a sharp contradiction between the bearing capacity of ecosystem and the intensity of human economic development. 4) according to the above conclusions, combining with the analysis of the existing problems and causes of the ecological economic zone of Dongting Lake, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. It is necessary to rationally plan the ecological economic zone of the lake region, adhere to the ecological priority, perfect the infrastructure, adjust the industrial structure and the direction of economic development. Develop ecology, green economy, promote the harmonious development of nature, society and economy in the region, realize the coordination and symbiosis of man and land, and ensure the regional ecological security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X826

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