發(fā)布時間：2018-01-20 03:14

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地表沉降 攝像機標定 條紋投影 離散傅里葉變換 圖像匹配　出處：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地表沉降是當今世界各國城市化進程中普遍存在和不容忽視的環(huán)境地質(zhì)問題,這種連續(xù)的、漸進的、累加式地質(zhì)災(zāi)害主要由經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展過程中不斷加大地下資源開發(fā)引起,由此引發(fā)的房屋開裂、建筑走形、水澇頻發(fā)、局部坍塌等問題嚴重制約了區(qū)域經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展、威脅到人類生命及財產(chǎn)安全。傳統(tǒng)的地表沉降監(jiān)測方法多采用水準測量、GPS等簡易人為監(jiān)測設(shè)備,這些設(shè)備在控制過程及輸出效果上,存在著諸多不足之處。因此,對于地表沉降的研究就顯得十分必要且刻不容緩。針對傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測方法中存在觀測周期長、效率低下、實時性較差等問題,本文以彩色條紋投影為研究對象,使用攝像機標定配合傅里葉變換輪廓技術(shù),恢復(fù)被測地表的三維輪廓信息,提出了一種基于差影法和NCC相融合的方法來進行地表沉降監(jiān)測,并進行了可行性驗證。具體工作如下:首先,為了進行實驗仿真及后續(xù)研究內(nèi)容的正常推進,搭建了一個基于條紋投影輪廓術(shù)的實驗測量系統(tǒng),它的功能包含了條紋投影、變形條紋圖的采集,并完成了攝像機標定實驗,獲得攝像機的內(nèi)部和外部參數(shù);其次采集了被測模擬地表運動數(shù)據(jù)信息,綜合對比分析了常用光學(xué)三維測量方法優(yōu)劣勢以及與本論文研究內(nèi)容的契合度,選擇了基于三頻條紋投影的傅里葉變換輪廓術(shù)作為地表沉降監(jiān)測的理論指導(dǎo)模型,重點討論了背景消減、經(jīng)驗?zāi)Ｊ椒纸�、顏色解耦、變精度相位去包裹等相關(guān)技術(shù);在此基礎(chǔ)上,模擬完成了對于地表運動信息的監(jiān)測實驗,實驗結(jié)果表明了正弦條紋投影方法在地表沉降監(jiān)測方面的可行性;最后為了判定被測地表的變形程度,本文在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種基于差影法和NCC相融合的方法來進行圖像匹配,并與傳統(tǒng)NCC算法進行了對比,仿真結(jié)果表明:該融合算法在處理時間方面比NCC算法減少至2s,實時性較好。地表沉降監(jiān)測實驗表明:基于條紋投影的傅里葉變換輪廓技術(shù),實現(xiàn)了對地表變形情況的實時監(jiān)測,提高了整個監(jiān)測過程的處理時間,使該系統(tǒng)具有更強的魯棒性,并且系統(tǒng)的測量精度達到毫米級別,在地表沉降監(jiān)測方面具有一定的社會價值。
[Abstract]:Surface subsidence is a continuous and progressive environmental geological problem in the process of urbanization all over the world. The accumulative geological hazards are mainly caused by the increasing development of underground resources in the process of rapid economic development, resulting in building cracking, building shape, frequent waterlogging. Local collapse seriously restricts the sustainable development of regional economy and threatens the safety of human life and property. Traditional surface subsidence monitoring methods often use simple artificial monitoring equipment such as leveling and GPS. There are many deficiencies in the control process and output effect of these equipments. Therefore, the study of surface subsidence is very necessary and urgent. There is a long observation period in the traditional monitoring methods. In this paper, the color fringe projection is taken as the research object, the camera calibration and Fourier transform contour technology are used to restore the 3D contour information of the measured surface. A method based on subtraction and NCC fusion is proposed to monitor surface subsidence, and the feasibility is verified. The detailed work is as follows: first. In order to carry out the experiment simulation and the normal advance of the following research content, an experimental measurement system based on fringe projection profilometry is built. Its function includes fringe projection and the acquisition of deformation fringe image. The camera calibration experiment is completed and the internal and external parameters of the camera are obtained. Secondly, the information of simulated ground motion data is collected, and the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used optical 3D measurement methods are compared and analyzed, as well as the degree of agreement with the content of this paper. Fourier transform profilometry based on triple-frequency fringe projection is selected as the theoretical guidance model for surface subsidence monitoring. Background subtraction empirical mode decomposition and color decoupling are discussed in detail. Variable precision phase unwrapping and other related technologies; On this basis, the experiment of monitoring the ground motion information is completed, and the experimental results show the feasibility of the sinusoidal fringe projection method in the monitoring of surface subsidence. Finally, in order to determine the deformation degree of the measured surface, this paper proposes a method of image matching based on subtraction and NCC fusion. Compared with the traditional NCC algorithm, the simulation results show that the processing time of the fusion algorithm is less than that of the NCC algorithm to 2 s. The experiment of surface subsidence monitoring shows that the Fourier transform contour technology based on fringe projection can realize the real-time monitoring of surface deformation and improve the processing time of the whole monitoring process. It makes the system more robust, and the measuring accuracy of the system reaches millimeter level, which has certain social value in the monitoring of surface subsidence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.26

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