本文關鍵詞：基于交易成本理論的林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化研究　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：林業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟的重要基礎。發(fā)展現(xiàn)代林產(chǎn)品物流,是提升我國林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平的一個有效途徑。林產(chǎn)品物流在推動林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中起著十分重要的支撐作用。當前,我國林產(chǎn)品物流的理論研究和實踐都處在起步階段,如何結合林產(chǎn)品的特點,大力發(fā)展林產(chǎn)品物流,推進林產(chǎn)品物流水平的發(fā)展,提升林產(chǎn)業(yè)的競爭力,是一項重大課題。在林產(chǎn)品物流發(fā)展中,物流網(wǎng)絡的規(guī)劃布局是一項重要的基礎性工作。優(yōu)化林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡,合理選擇林產(chǎn)品物流中心布局,有利于減少林產(chǎn)品物流環(huán)節(jié)的浪費、降低物流成本、縮短物流時間、保證林產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)、提升林產(chǎn)品物流過程中的增值能力。從更廣的層面看,林產(chǎn)品物流水平的提升,對于林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,均有著十分重要的理論意義和實踐指導意義。 本文借鑒林產(chǎn)品物流領域的已有成果,綜合運用交易成本經(jīng)濟學理論、物流工程與供應鏈管理理論、物流網(wǎng)絡理論、林產(chǎn)品物流和價值鏈理論,結合林產(chǎn)品物流發(fā)展實踐,以交易成本理論為基礎,研究林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡的優(yōu)化問題,主要的創(chuàng)新性工作如下： 1.構建了林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化模型。在分析林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡基本結構的基礎上,提出了基于混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃的林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化模型及其改進模型。林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡的節(jié)點主要包括林產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)者、林產(chǎn)品加工廠、林產(chǎn)品物流中心、配送中心和需求方等。林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化的核心問題,就是在可能的林產(chǎn)品物流中心選址方案中,以林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡總的物流成本最小化為目標,考慮各種約束條件,來進行選址優(yōu)化。由于林產(chǎn)品本身的特點和林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡的復雜性,采用混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型來進行分析求解是一種行之有效的方法。案例研究表明,本文所提出的基于混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃的林產(chǎn)品優(yōu)化模型,具有針對性和可行性。 2.研究了林產(chǎn)品物流配送的路徑優(yōu)化和基于時間窗約束的車輛調(diào)度問題。配送是林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡中面向末端用戶的重要環(huán)節(jié),一般可分為一級設施配送線路和兩級設施配送線路兩種情形。論文中構建了林產(chǎn)品物流配送優(yōu)化模型,結合實際案例,驗證了模型的有效性和簡便性。林產(chǎn)品運輸車輛的優(yōu)化調(diào)度是物流網(wǎng)絡運行中的一大難題。課題研究從林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡運行的實際出發(fā),構建了帶時間窗約束的車輛調(diào)度模型,并基于遺傳算法(GA)構建了模型的求解方法。案例分析結果表明,用遺傳算法可以很好地解決帶時間窗約束的林產(chǎn)品物流車輛調(diào)度優(yōu)化問題。 3.構建了一體化林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡最優(yōu)成本模型。該模型旨在克服混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型的不足,充分考慮物流網(wǎng)絡中各節(jié)點間的互連情況,各節(jié)點的物流總量,物流成本的投入,節(jié)點間的距離等各種因素,以追求最佳成本為目標。在具體的求解中,先將林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡中各節(jié)點間的物流狀況的無向圖轉(zhuǎn)變成為有向圖,基于有向多重貨物算法得到一個求解模型；然后再將之轉(zhuǎn)化為一個有向斯坦納樹問題,并得到一個求解模型；最后構建一個擴展的有向圖求解模型。通過考察和比較這三種模型的目標函數(shù)和約束條件,證明第三種模型算法更容易獲得表征最佳物流成本的樹型結構圖,進而逐次逼近最優(yōu)的求解模型。最后基于該模型算法設計了一種分枝切面方法來獲得表征物流成本的樹型結構圖的可行解,并提出一種啟發(fā)式方法來獲得一體化林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡的最佳物流成本預算值。 4.分析了林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化的效應。從市場結構效應、對林業(yè)經(jīng)濟增長的帶動效應、以及對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的極化與擴散效應等幾個方面,研究了林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化的效應情況。在市場結構效應分析中,構建了博弈模型。在分析物流網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化對經(jīng)濟增長的帶動作用時,構建了解析分析模型。結果表明,無論是價格彈性大于1或小于1的正常林產(chǎn)品,還是非正常的“吉芬林產(chǎn)品”,林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化均有利于提升林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平,推動林業(yè)經(jīng)濟增長。林產(chǎn)品物流網(wǎng)絡優(yōu)化有利于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的極化,并能很好地產(chǎn)生擴散效應。
[Abstract]:Forestry is the important foundation of the national economy. The development of modern forest product logistics, is an effective way to improve the level of forestry industry in China. Forest products logistics plays an important supporting role in promoting the development of forestry industry. At present, the theoretical research and practice of China's forest products logistics are in the initial stage, how to according to the characteristics of forest products, developing forest products logistics, promote the development of forest products logistics level, enhance the forest industry competitiveness is an important issue. In the development of forest product logistics, logistics network planning is an important basic work. The optimization of forest product logistics network, reasonable selection of forest products logistics the center of the layout, is conducive to reduce the logistics of waste products, reduce logistics costs, shorten the logistics time, guarantee the quality of forest products, improve forest products in the process of logistics capability. More broadly To see, the promotion of the logistics level of forest products has very important theoretical and practical guiding significance for the development of forestry industry and regional economy.
In this paper, according to the current results of forest products in the field of logistics, the integrated use of the theory of transaction cost economics, logistics engineering and supply chain management theory, logistics network theory, forest products logistics and value chain theory, combined with the practice of logistics development of forest products, based on the transaction cost theory, the optimization problem of forest product logistics network, the main innovative work the following:
1. construction of forest product logistics network optimization model. Based on the analysis of the basic structure of forest product logistics network, proposed a mixed integer programming of forest products logistics network optimization model and its improved model based on node forest product logistics network including forest products producers, forest products processing plants, forest products distribution center and logistics center. The demand side. The core problem of forest product logistics network optimization, is located in the forest products logistics center possible scheme, to minimize the cost of logistics total forest product logistics network as the goal, considering all kinds of constraints, for site optimization. Because of the complexity of the characteristics of forest products and forest products logistics network, to carry out analysis is an effective method by using mixed integer programming model. A case study shows that the mixed integer programming of forest products and based on the proposed The model is pertinent and feasible.
Study on path optimization of 2. forest products logistics distribution and time window constraints based on the vehicle scheduling problem. The distribution is for end users is an important link of the logistics network of forest products in general can be divided into the primary distribution lines and facilities level two facility distribution lines in two situations. In this paper constructed the optimization model of forest product logistics distribution and combined with the actual case, to verify the effectiveness and simplicity of the model. The optimal scheduling of forest products transport vehicle is a big problem in the logistics network operation. The research from the actual operation of forest products logistics network, establishes vehicle scheduling model with time window constraints, and based on genetic algorithm (GA) construction the solution of the model. The results show that the genetic algorithm can solve with time window constraints of forest product logistics vehicle scheduling optimization problems.
3. to build integrated forest products logistics network optimal cost model. This model aims to overcome the shortage of mixed integer programming model, considering the inter node interconnection logistics network, the total logistics nodes, logistics cost, the distance between nodes and other factors, to the pursuit of the best in the specific costs as the goal. The solution, first the undirected graph into a directed graph logistics situation among nodes of forest product logistics network, based on directed multiple loading algorithm to get a solution of the model; and then transformed into a problem to get a Steiner tree, and finally build a model; extension of a directed graph based model. By solving the objective function and the constraint condition of study and comparison of the three models, third models that are easier to obtain tree structure characterization of optimal logistics cost, and by Finally, we approximate the optimal solution model. Finally, based on the algorithm, we design a branch and section method to get the feasible solution of the tree structure diagram which represents the logistics cost, and propose a heuristic method to get the best logistics cost budget value of the integrated forest product logistics network.
4. analysis of the effect of forest product logistics network optimization. The market structure effect, driving effect of forestry economic growth, and on regional economic polarization and diffusion effect, studied the effect of forest products logistics network optimization. The market structure effect analysis, constructs the game model in the analysis of the logistics network. Optimization of the economic growth, construction of the analytical model. The results show that both the price elasticity is greater than 1 or less than 1 of normal forest products, or non normal "Giffen forest products, forest products logistics network optimization is beneficial to improve the level of forestry industry, promote the economic growth of Forestry forest products. Logistics network optimization is conducive to regional economic polarization, and good diffusion effect.

【學位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F326.6;F326.2

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