本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的非均衡狀況及原因分析，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

中國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的非均衡狀況及原因分析 作者：王志凱 史晉川

來源：《浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版)》2011年第10期

［摘 要］ 在改革開放的三十余年里,中國的人均收入增加了近十倍，但一個不爭的事實(shí)是，改革開放以來中國地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距越來越大。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國的東、中、西部三大地帶間的差距非常突出，且三大地帶內(nèi)部各自的發(fā)展呈相對收斂態(tài)勢，這更加劇了東部與中、西部間的區(qū)域差異。即使是東部沿海地區(qū)，其區(qū)域內(nèi)局部地區(qū)的發(fā)展差距和收入差距也是非常明顯的，且有反復(fù)及上升的趨勢。解決發(fā)展中的地區(qū)差距和收入差距，歷來有福利改善和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展兩種途徑，就中國而言，中央政府應(yīng)承擔(dān)更多的社會福利保障義務(wù)，地方政府應(yīng)更多地推進(jìn)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。浙江、江蘇一帶的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，要改變中國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的非均衡狀況，發(fā)展民營經(jīng)濟(jì)是有效舉措，同時應(yīng)完善區(qū)域市場體系、推進(jìn)城市化進(jìn)程和加快城鄉(xiāng)一體化，逐步縮小和控制區(qū)域差距及收入差距。

［關(guān)鍵詞］ 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)； 非均衡發(fā)展； 民營化； 城市化； 城鄉(xiāng)一體化

The Imbalanced Development of Chinas Regional Economy:

Cause Analysis

Wang Zhikai Shi Jinchuan

（College of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China）

Abstract: Since the reforms and the implementation of the open door policy in 1978,

industrialization and urbanization has greatly contributed to the rapid economic development in China.

A continuously high rate of economic growth has resulted in vast increases in GDP and a sharp upward trend in per capita income over the period from 1978 to the present. Despite a nearly tenfold increase in per capita income across all provinces over the last three decades, regional disparities have evidently increased since the reforms. The collected data shows that the income disparities in China mainly demonstrate themselves as interregional disparities instead of intraregional disparities. The rapid urbanization in China has led to farmers losing land, resulting in new types of urban and rural poverty. Around many big cities in China, people can see the metropolitan city life coexisting with poor county life. However, Zhejiang province has been maintaining a good balanced development within its region by relying on the booming private sector and the integral/concrete urbanization, and the regional disparities and ruralurban inequality have been successfully controlled and effectively eliminated. Welfare and economic development have been traditional alternatives for the elimination of the regional disparities. Specifically, interregional and intraregional integration is important for reducing regional disparities and pursuing income equality. As far as China is concerned, the central government should take more responsibilities to improve the social security rights for citizens, while the local governments should spend more efforts in stimulating the local development. The successful experiences in Zhejiang and Jiangsu have demonstrated that the development of the private sector is

the best measure in tackling the issues of regional imbalanced development. In combination with a more perfect regional market system, urbanization and ruralurban integration, we will be able to gradually reduce and restrain regional disparities and income disparities.

Key words: regional economy； imbalanced development； privatization； urbanization； ruralurban integration

一、 引 言

許多發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長往往會伴隨著區(qū)域差距的拉大，中國也不例外。自1978年實(shí)施改革開放戰(zhàn)略以來，市場化、工業(yè)化和城市化極大地促進(jìn)了中國城鄉(xiāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的快速發(fā)展。多年持續(xù)高速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長使中國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和人均收入不斷增加。在過去的三十多年中，中國的人均收入增長了近十倍；與此同時，中國的地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展差距和人均收入差距也不斷擴(kuò)大。居民收入差距表現(xiàn)為城鄉(xiāng)之間、東部沿海和西部內(nèi)陸之間以及不同規(guī)模的城市之間的差距，且圍繞這三個“之間的差距”在不斷擴(kuò)大。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國的收入差距在區(qū)域與區(qū)域之間要比區(qū)域內(nèi)部的差距更為突出�？焖俪鞘谢勾罅渴У剞r(nóng)民遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有市民化，這些人群散落在城中村，帶來了新的城市貧困。在中國的諸多大城市地區(qū)，人們可以看到繁華的都市與貧困的鄉(xiāng)村并存。

即便是城鄉(xiāng)差距和區(qū)域差距狀況較好的中國長三角地區(qū)，也依然存在城鄉(xiāng)差距和區(qū)域差距的鮮明對比，譬如，寧波市與其郊縣鎮(zhèn)海農(nóng)村，南京市與其郊縣六合農(nóng)村，揚(yáng)州市與其郊縣邗江農(nóng)村，等等。當(dāng)然，也并不是所有大城市及其周邊區(qū)域都存在這樣的城鄉(xiāng)落差和區(qū)域不均衡。同處長三角的蕭山—杭州地區(qū)在縮小區(qū)域差距和保持收入均衡方面做得就比較成功。得益于民營經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，加以杭州—蕭山兩個城市之間的一體化融合，區(qū)域差距和城鄉(xiāng)差距在這里得到了很好的控制和消除。在消除收入差距和地區(qū)差距的問題上，一直存在福利改善和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展兩種替代途徑，而最好的辦法是實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與福利改善的相互平衡，使兩者在加快區(qū)域發(fā)展和消除收入差距中發(fā)揮其各自的有效作用［1］。福利改善與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間并不存在矛盾，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展可以不斷改善社會福利，而社會福利的改善也將進(jìn)一步支持經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。在發(fā)展中國家和地區(qū)，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展顯然是處于更重要的地位，但隨著市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的推進(jìn)，社會保障體系建設(shè)也必須迎頭跟上，這是防止貧富差距惡化并保持經(jīng)濟(jì)社會持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的重要手段。

本文研究改革開放以來中國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展非均衡狀況，分析中國區(qū)域發(fā)展差距和收入差距拉大的原因，總結(jié)民營經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對減少或消除中國區(qū)域差距、收入差距的積極作用，并對中國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展由非均衡向均衡轉(zhuǎn)變提出一些有益的建議。

二、 文獻(xiàn)回顧

市場化與城市化是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的兩大驅(qū)動力量，兩者都是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變的內(nèi)容。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和城市化是密切相關(guān)的，城市化加速了經(jīng)濟(jì)增長并使這種快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長成為可能［2］。二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)理論認(rèn)為，城市化和生產(chǎn)集聚，加上農(nóng)村勞動力向城市地區(qū)的轉(zhuǎn)移，是縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距和地區(qū)差距的關(guān)鍵措施［3-4］。生產(chǎn)要素的集中會促成新的信息和知識的創(chuàng)

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的非均衡狀況及原因分析，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。