【摘要】：由于體驗經(jīng)濟時代的到來，人們生活需求開始多樣化，旅游逐漸成為人們日常生活的一部分。伴隨著旅游者需求的個性化、體驗化，各具特色的“另類旅游”（如影視旅游、藝術旅游、宗教旅游）應運而生并受到旅游者的歡迎。十九世紀六七十年代，西方一些學者開始研究的“黑色旅游”是“另類旅游”的典型代表。在學術方面，諸多學者結合實例從旅游動機、旅游影響、旅游困境等方面對黑色旅游進行研究。在實踐方面，黑色旅游為旅游者提供另類旅游體驗充分發(fā)揮歷史反面因素對社會的教育功能，但是隨著商業(yè)因素的介入，與早期的黑色旅游相比，現(xiàn)代黑色旅游作為一種人們生命體驗的方式和潛在的經(jīng)濟增長點，在發(fā)展過程中呈現(xiàn)出敬畏感缺失和商業(yè)化過度等方面的不足，這使黑色旅游背離了初衷，旅游者對逝者的祭奠和緬懷變得不再單純。這種背離引起了社會各界對黑色旅游正當性的質疑。 本文以敬畏生命為視角，在分析黑色旅游發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀的基礎上，擬以探求復歸敬畏生命的黑色旅游的可行性路徑及對國內外黑色旅游正軌化提供參考價值。文章研究主要涉及到以下幾個方面： 首先，概述黑色旅游發(fā)展狀況。考察了早期與現(xiàn)代黑色旅游的形式，并分析其性質，在此基礎上做了對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)早期黑色旅游主要是一種特殊形式的精神反思，旅游者的動機來自于對信仰的虔誠和神圣之物的敬畏。而現(xiàn)代黑色旅游由于形式多樣化，特別是商業(yè)因素的介入，原有的價值和神圣感，漸漸消失，并出現(xiàn)了阻礙黑色旅游正常發(fā)展的各種問題。 其次，分析黑色旅游異化問題及原因。黑色旅游異化主要表現(xiàn)為敬畏感嚴重缺失和過度商業(yè)化。由于復雜的旅游動機，導致原本的神圣之旅不再單純，不但傷害當?shù)鼐用竦那楦�，也影響著黑色旅游的健康發(fā)展；過度的商業(yè)化掩蓋了黑色旅游公益性和勸導人們熱愛生命，反思生命意義和價值的社會作用。這些問題的出現(xiàn)加劇了社會各界對黑色旅游展示的道德質疑。從這些現(xiàn)象中，分析問題的成因：人性的復雜、人類內在的不自由或人類的無思想、價值理性的迷失、生命教育的工具化等，都是黑色旅游出現(xiàn)異化現(xiàn)象的原因，也是造成社會中災難不斷發(fā)生、人情冷漠、麻木不仁、無敬無畏的重要原因。 再次，提出敬畏生命的研究視角。敬畏生命思想本身具有倫理意蘊，體現(xiàn)在它將自然與倫理天然的結合在一起，以對待生命的態(tài)度為評判善惡的標準，肯定世界與生命的樂觀態(tài)度，重視倫理責任等方面，，并在實踐中反對無思想、自我保持的利己主義。從理論與實踐兩方面證明了重返敬畏生命的倫理之源，將有可能成為減災、重建生態(tài)文明、構建和諧家園的根本之路。同時，黑色旅游步入正軌，走向敬畏生命，勢必擁有敬畏生命的道德智慧，來反思人與其他生命的生存危機，在這個過程中，結合以人為本的社會中最能體現(xiàn)生命關懷的一種事業(yè)——生命教育，體現(xiàn)出高度的人文關懷。這是敬畏生命的黑色旅游最終旨歸。 最后，以奧斯維辛集中營為例，分析國外黑色旅游成功開發(fā)的經(jīng)驗及其存在的問題，以期探討對國內外黑色旅游正軌化的參考價值。 論文通過以上幾個方面的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)敬畏生命作為一條絕對的準則，對黑色旅游活動中的倫理失范問題，提出理論和實踐的上的指導。這既有助于避免黑色旅游中的過度商業(yè)化、娛樂化，進一步完善正確的生命價值評判體系，尋找生命的真諦和人生的信仰，又助益于人們珍惜自己的生命，關愛他人的生命，喚起對生命的敬畏感。
[Abstract]:As a result of the coming of the economic times, people's life needs to be diversified, and tourism is becoming a part of people's daily life. With the individuation and experience of the tourists' demand, the special "alternative tourism" (such as film and television tourism, art tourism and religious tourism) has come into being and is welcomed by the tourists. In the 1870s of the 19th century, the "black tourism" of the study by some western scholars was the representative of the "alternative tourism". In the academic field, many scholars have studied the black tourism from the aspects of the tourism motivation, the tourism influence, the tourism difficulty and so on. in practice, that black tourism provide alternative tourism experience for tourists to give full play to the educational function of the negative factor to the society, but with the intervention of the commercial factor, compared with the early black tourism, The modern black tourism, as a way of people's life experience and the potential economic growth point, presents the defects of the loss of fear and the over-commercialization in the course of development, which makes the black tourism deviate from the original intention, and the sacrifice and the memory of the tourists are no longer pure. This departure has raised the question of the legitimacy of black tourism from all walks of life. Based on the analysis of the present situation of black tourism development, this paper, based on the analysis of the present situation of black tourism development, is to explore the feasible path of the black tourism to return the fear of life and to provide the reference price to the black tourism on the right track at home and abroad. The article mainly deals with the following parties Face: First, outline the black tour This paper studies the form of early and modern black tourism, and analyzes its character. On the basis of this, this paper makes a comparison, and finds that the early black tourism is mainly a special form of spiritual reflection, and the motive of the tourists comes from the devout and the sacred objects of the faith. The awe of the modern black tourism is due to the diversification of the form, especially the intervention of the commercial factors, the original value and the sense of the divine, and the development of the normal development of the black tourism. Secondly, to analyze the dissimilation of black tourism The problem and reason. Black travel dissimilation is mainly manifested in the loss of fear and the loss of the sense of fear. Over-commercialization. Because of the complex tourism motivation, the original sacred journey is no longer pure, not only hurts the feelings of the local residents, but also affects the healthy development of the black tourism; the over-commercialization covers the black tourism public welfare and the persuasion To love life, to reflect on the meaning and value of life The emergence of these problems has exacerbated the social role of the community in black tourism In these phenomena, the cause of the problem is: the complexity of human nature, the inhumanity of human being, the unthought of the human, the loss of value reason, the tool of life education, etc., all of which are the causes of the dissimilation of the black tourism, and the occurrence of the disaster in the society It's cold and cold, and it's so cold. It's not to be fearless. An important reason. Again, we're in awe. The view of the study of life is that the fear of the life thought itself has the ethical meaning, which is reflected in the combination of nature and the nature of the ethics, the attitude of the treatment to the life is the standard of judging the good and evil, the optimistic attitude of the world and the life, the importance to the ethical responsibility, etc., and in reality To oppose the thought and the self in the world. From the two aspects of theory and practice, it is proved that the source of the return to the fear of life is the source of the ethic of return to the life, and it will be possible to be the disaster reduction, the reconstruction of the ecological civilization and the construction of the harmony At the same time, black tourism is on the right track and goes to the fear of life. It is bound to have the moral wisdom of the fear of life, to reflect on the life crisis of human and other life, and in this process, in combination with the people-oriented society, the most important one is the one of the life care. career _ life education, which is reflected in A high degree of human care. It's the black of the fear of life. The final aim of color tourism is to analyze the experience and problems of the successful development of black tourism in foreign countries, taking the Auschwitz concentration camp as an example, with a view to exploring the black brigades both at home and abroad. This paper, through the research of the above aspects, finds that the fear of life is an absolute criterion, and the problem of the ethics in the black tourism activity is raised. The guidance of theory and practice is helpful to avoid over-commercialization and recreation in black tourism, to further improve the correct system of life value judgment, to find the essence of life and the belief of life, and to help people to cherish their life and to care for others' life.
【學位授予單位】：浙江財經(jīng)學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F590;B82-053

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前8條

1 胡傳東;羅仕偉;;黑色旅游開發(fā)探索[J];重慶師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2007年06期

2 李經(jīng)龍;鄭淑婧;;黑色旅游研究初探[J];池州師專學報;2006年05期

3 ;為“生命·實踐教育學派”的創(chuàng)建而努力——葉瀾教授訪談錄[J];教育研究;2004年02期

4 劉丹萍;保繼剛;;窺視欲、影像記憶與自我認同——西方學界關于旅游者攝影行為研究之透視[J];旅游學刊;2006年04期

5 蘇俊霞;;孔孟的生死觀淺論[J];齊魯學刊;2008年04期

6 李振綱;李娜;;生命的祈禱——阿爾貝特·施韋澤的倫理價值觀[J];吉林師范大學學報(人文社會科學版);2011年04期

7 馮建軍;教育即生命[J];教育研究與實驗;2004年01期

8 趙美娟;;敬畏生命[J];醫(yī)學與哲學(人文社會醫(yī)學版);2006年08期

相關重要報紙文章 前1條

1 卞文志;[N];中國旅游報;2007年

本文編號：2496739