【摘要】：隨著鄉(xiāng)村旅游的不斷發(fā)展,社區(qū)參與越來(lái)越引起廣泛關(guān)注,全面社區(qū)參與理論更是受到了各界追捧,甚至被提到了一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村旅游“靈丹妙藥”的極高位置。本文在肯定社區(qū)參與所帶來(lái)的積極意義的同時(shí),通過(guò)研究分析,嘗試以一種嶄新的視角指出社區(qū)參與程度應(yīng)根據(jù)鄉(xiāng)村旅游類型的不同而不同,并將以社會(huì)景觀為核心吸引力的鄉(xiāng)村旅游作為研究重點(diǎn)。 本文首先以旅游吸引物為分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選取以社會(huì)景觀為核心吸引力的鄉(xiāng)村旅游,分析其核心吸引力在人類性、常態(tài)性、發(fā)展性方面的屬性,指出其兩方面的特點(diǎn)：①供給和需求以“人”為本；②供給、需求和社區(qū)參與相互影響,并以此區(qū)別于其它類型的鄉(xiāng)村旅游；其次,在認(rèn)識(shí)到社區(qū)參與不足現(xiàn)象在現(xiàn)階段仍然普遍存在,并已受到各界重視的基礎(chǔ)上,提出較容易被忽視的社區(qū)參與過(guò)度問(wèn)題,分析其在社區(qū)參與人數(shù)過(guò)多和社區(qū)參與內(nèi)容過(guò)度集中兩方面的現(xiàn)狀,并指出社區(qū)參與以經(jīng)濟(jì)利益為導(dǎo)向、社區(qū)參與能力不足和被動(dòng)參與現(xiàn)象的存在是該現(xiàn)狀存在的原因；而社區(qū)參與過(guò)度現(xiàn)象作為本文的研究重點(diǎn),將會(huì)引起鄰里關(guān)系惡化、商品化、文化失真等問(wèn)題從而導(dǎo)致“核心吸引力破壞”的嚴(yán)重后果,同時(shí)伴隨著不當(dāng)?shù)纳鐓^(qū)參與所導(dǎo)致的人力資源的浪費(fèi)和對(duì)旅游業(yè)的過(guò)度依賴等問(wèn)題,其問(wèn)題的本質(zhì)在于過(guò)度社區(qū)參與所引起的劇烈的社會(huì)變遷；然后,根據(jù)現(xiàn)狀和問(wèn)題,提出適度社區(qū)參與的策略,并指出適度社區(qū)參與的內(nèi)容以及適度參與策略下的常態(tài)化旅游在社會(huì)景觀的“守舊創(chuàng)新”、社區(qū)居民和旅游者利益的雙重滿足以及旅游、社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的良性循環(huán)等方面的意義,進(jìn)而提出策略的具體實(shí)施方法,包括拓寬社區(qū)參與內(nèi)容、減少社區(qū)參與人數(shù)、發(fā)揮“制度”因素對(duì)社區(qū)參與的乘數(shù)效應(yīng)以及降低“利益”因素對(duì)社區(qū)參與的影響這四個(gè)方面在內(nèi)的“加減乘除”四部曲；最后,選取云南省西雙版納傣族園景區(qū)進(jìn)行案例分析,以驗(yàn)證本文所嘗試提出的基本觀點(diǎn)和構(gòu)想。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of rural tourism, community participation has attracted more and more attention, and the theory of comprehensive community participation has been sought after by all walks of life, and has even been mentioned as a "panacea" of rural tourism. While affirming the positive significance brought about by community participation, this paper tries to point out that the degree of community participation should be different according to the type of rural tourism through research and analysis. And take the social landscape as the core attraction of rural tourism as the focus of research. This paper firstly takes tourism attraction as the classification standard, selects rural tourism with social landscape as the core attraction, and analyzes the attributes of its core attraction in human, normality and development. It points out its two characteristics: (1) supply and demand are based on "human"; (2) supply, demand and community participation interact with each other and distinguish them from other types of rural tourism; Secondly, on the basis of the recognition that the phenomenon of insufficient community participation is still widespread at the present stage and has received attention from all walks of life, the problem of over-participation of communities, which is easy to be ignored, is put forward. This paper analyzes the present situation of community participation in the aspects of excessive number of community participants and excessive concentration of community participation content, and points out that community participation is guided by economic interests, and the existence of insufficient community participation capacity and passive participation is the reason for the existence of the present situation. The phenomenon of excessive community participation as the focus of this paper will lead to the deterioration of neighborhood relations, commercialization, cultural distortion and other problems, thus leading to the "core attraction damage" serious consequences. At the same time, with the improper community participation caused by the waste of human resources and excessive dependence on tourism and other problems, the essence of the problem lies in the excessive community participation caused by the dramatic social changes; Then, according to the present situation and problems, the paper puts forward the strategy of moderate community participation, and points out the content of moderate community participation and the "old-fashioned innovation" of regular tourism in the social landscape under the moderate participation strategy. The double satisfaction of the interests of community residents and tourists and the significance of tourism and the virtuous circle of social sustainable development, etc., and then put forward the specific implementation methods of the strategies, including broadening the content of community participation, reducing the number of community participation, etc. Exerting the multiplier effect of "system" factor on community participation and reducing the "benefit" factor's influence on community participation; Finally, a case study of Dai Garden in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province is carried out to verify the basic viewpoints and ideas proposed in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F592.7

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