本文選題：近代 + 關(guān)中地區(qū)��； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：陜西素稱“三秦”,由陜北、關(guān)中和陜南三大區(qū)域構(gòu)成。中國農(nóng)耕文明發(fā)祥地之一的陜西關(guān)中平原具有獨特的“尚農(nóng)”遺風(fēng)和古都王朝的威懾力,在從眾心理的干涉下,其社會風(fēng)俗也具有一定的典型特征。近代中國處于“數(shù)千年來未有之大變局”時代,在諸多變遷中,作為最基層反映民眾社會生活方式的歲時禁忌,可以曲折反映出近代社會生活的變化。明清以后資本主義工商業(yè)舉步。近代西俗東漸之風(fēng)不斷拂動著關(guān)中地區(qū)歲時禁忌的變化,移風(fēng)易俗活動遂應(yīng)運而起。西安易俗社大力推進易俗活動,些新興的西方節(jié)日層出不窮呈現(xiàn)在人們生活之中,與此相關(guān)的節(jié)日禁忌也有所改變,表現(xiàn)為民主色彩漸濃、健康氣息彌漫并且崇尚娛樂休閑。 結(jié)合近代(1840—1949年)陜西地方志史料,本文重點探討了活躍在關(guān)中地區(qū)的七種歲時節(jié)日禁忌。即春節(jié)、二月二、清明節(jié)、端午節(jié)、乞巧節(jié)、中秋節(jié)和重陽節(jié)。具體禁忌形態(tài)包括語言禁忌、器物禁忌、行為禁忌、禮儀禁忌、性別禁忌、物候禁忌、食物禁忌、勞作禁忌、健康禁忌等眾多方面。縱觀劇變的近代舞臺,傳統(tǒng)的歲時禁忌形態(tài)因其穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)而不斷傳承,一些早在遠古產(chǎn)生的禁忌事項,不但沒有隨著歷史前進的步伐而改變,沒有隨著人類生產(chǎn)能力和科技智力水平地不斷提高而消失,反而更多地被潛移默化的接受著、傳播著。這種現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)表明歲時禁忌具有其獨特的社會調(diào)控功能。其中比較顯著的是道德教化功能,鼓勵人們棄惡揚善,提倡敬親愛幼,教育子女社會養(yǎng)成功能同時有利于協(xié)調(diào)人與自然的關(guān)系,強化民眾凝聚力,從而加強社會控制。 盡管傳統(tǒng)歲時禁忌在協(xié)調(diào)人與自然,人與人之間社會關(guān)系方面有抑惡揚善和防微杜漸的作用。但傳統(tǒng)社會的歲時禁忌實質(zhì)上是在手工勞動的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)條件下,人們對自然和社會發(fā)展規(guī)律認(rèn)識低下的產(chǎn)物,是人們在風(fēng)雨莫測的自然現(xiàn)象和變動不居的社會現(xiàn)象面前缺乏生命安全感的一種無奈嘆息和自我保護。因而,具有它內(nèi)在的社會歷史局限性。
[Abstract]:Shaanxi called the "three Qin", by northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi three major regions. Shaanxi Guanzhong Plain, one of the birthplaces of Chinese agricultural civilization, has the unique "Shannong" style and the deterrent power of the ancient capital dynasty, and its social customs also have some typical characteristics under the interference of conformity psychology. Modern China is in the era of "no great change in thousands of years". Among the many changes, the taboo as the most basic reflecting the social life style of the people can reflect the changes of the modern social life with twists and turns. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, capitalist industry and commerce moved forward. In modern times, the trend of western customs spreading to the east is constantly changing the taboo in Guanzhong area. Xi'an Folk Society vigorously promoted the activities of changing customs, some new western festivals appeared in people's lives one after another, and the relevant holiday taboos also changed, showing that democratic color, healthy atmosphere and advocating entertainment and leisure. Based on the historical data of Shaanxi local chronicles from 1840 to 1949, this paper focuses on the seven holiday taboos in Guanzhong. That is, Spring Festival, February 2, Ching Ming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Qiqiao Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and Double-ninth Day. The specific taboo forms include language taboo, utensil taboo, behavior taboo, etiquette taboo, gender taboo, phenological taboo, food taboo, labor taboo, health taboo and so on. Throughout the dramatic change of the modern stage, the traditional taboo form of age has been continuously inherited because of its stable structure. Some taboos that arose as early as ancient times have not changed with the pace of historical progress. Instead of disappearing with the continuous improvement of human productivity and scientific and technological intelligence, it is more and more accepted and spread. The appearance of this phenomenon shows that taboo has its unique social regulation function. The function of moral education encourages people to abandon evil and promote good, to promote respect for the young, to educate children to develop the function of society at the same time to coordinate the relationship between nature and the people, to strengthen the cohesion of the people, and to strengthen social control. Although traditional taboos at the age of age are to coordinate with nature, the social relationship between human beings has the function of promoting good and preventing the gradual spread of evil. But the taboo in the traditional society is essentially the result of people's low understanding of the laws of natural and social development under the condition of the production technology of manual labor. It is a kind of helpless sigh and self-protection that people lack the sense of life security in the face of unpredictable natural phenomena and changing social phenomena. Therefore, it has its inherent social and historical limitations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K892.1

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