本文選題：五莊果墚遺址　切入點(diǎn)：龍山時(shí)代早期　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：五莊果墚遺址所處的地理位置以及遺址中出土的龍山時(shí)代早期人骨的埋葬方式均具有特殊性。因此,對(duì)這批人骨的種族類型以及灰坑的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行研究將有助于我們更為深入地了解當(dāng)時(shí)人們的體質(zhì)特征和社會(huì)生活狀況。 本文運(yùn)用體質(zhì)人類學(xué)形態(tài)觀察、測(cè)量技術(shù)的方法以及統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的方法,從性別年齡、骨骼的病理與創(chuàng)傷、身高的推算、種族類型等多個(gè)方面對(duì)五莊果墚遺址龍山時(shí)代早期人骨進(jìn)行體質(zhì)人類學(xué)考察,從中獲得了一些重要的信息及結(jié)論。同時(shí),本文在體質(zhì)人類學(xué)研究結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合了相關(guān)考古學(xué)文化背景資料,對(duì)AH1的性質(zhì)及灰坑中埋葬死者的死亡原因進(jìn)行了合理的推論和闡釋。最終得出以下兩個(gè)最重要的結(jié)論： 第一,五莊果墚遺址古代居民在人種分類上與現(xiàn)代亞洲蒙古人種的東亞類型最接近,同時(shí)與東北亞類型、南亞類型存在一定的聯(lián)系。與各近代組的比較中,這批居民同樣是與華北組、華南組所代表的東亞蒙古人種類型最接近,其次接近因紐特組、楚克奇(河濱)組所代表的東北亞類型。與新石器時(shí)代古代組比較結(jié)果表明其與西夏侯組、柳灣合并組、尉遲寺組的關(guān)系較為接近,其次是姜家梁組。與青銅至鐵器時(shí)代古代組比較結(jié)果顯示其與梁帶村組、神木新華組關(guān)系最為密切,其次是上馬組、瓦窯溝組、李家山組。從中可以看出,五莊果墚組居民在體質(zhì)特征上最接近東亞蒙古人種類型,與新石器時(shí)代黃河中游地區(qū)的仰韶合并組、廟底溝組、陶寺組等存在一定的差異。 第二,通過研究考古學(xué)相關(guān)資料,并且依據(jù)出土人骨的葬式,結(jié)合骨骼上未發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)傷的痕跡等因素,本文最終認(rèn)為五莊果墚遺址AH1很可能為一個(gè)祭祀坑,而灰坑中的22個(gè)死者可能為獻(xiàn)祭的人牲。
[Abstract]:The geographical location of Wuzhuang Guoliang ruins and the burial methods of the bones of the early Longshan period unearthed in the ruins are all special. The study of the ethnic type of the bones and the nature of the ash pits will help us to better understand the physical characteristics and social life conditions of the people at that time. This paper uses morphological observation, measurement techniques and statistical methods of physical anthropology to calculate sex and age, bone pathology and trauma, height. The physical anthropology of human bones in the early Longshan period of Wuzhuangguoliang site has been investigated from many aspects, such as ethnic types, and some important information and conclusions have been obtained. At the same time, on the basis of the research results of physical anthropology, Combining with the relevant archaeological cultural background, the author makes a reasonable inference and explanation of the nature of AH1 and the causes of death of the dead buried in the ash pits. Finally, the following two most important conclusions are drawn:. First, the ancient inhabitants of Wuzhuangguoliang site are most closely related to the East Asian type of modern Asian Mongolian race, and to the types of Northeast Asia and South Asia. This group of residents is the same as the North China group. The South China group represents the closest type of East Asian Mongolian race, followed by the Inuit formation. Compared with the ancient Neolithic formation, the Chukchi (Riverside) formation has a close relationship with the West Xia Hou formation, the Liuwan combined formation and the Weijiesi formation. The second is the Jiangjialiang formation. Compared with the ancient Bronze to Iron Age formation, the results show that it is most closely related to the Liangbancun formation and Shenmu Xinhua formation, followed by the Shangma formation, the Wayaogou formation, and the Lijiashan formation. The residents of the Wuzhuang Guoliang formation are the closest to the East Asian Mongolian ethnic group in terms of physical characteristics, which are different from the Yangshao combined formation, the Miaodigou formation and the Taosi formation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in the Neolithic Age. Secondly, by studying the archaeological data, and according to the burial style of the unearthed human bones and the factors such as no trace of trauma found on the bones, this paper concludes that AH1 at Wuzhuangguoliang site is likely to be a sacrificial pit. Twenty-two of the dead in the ash pits may be sacrificial animals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K878;Q981

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本文編號(hào)：1635274