本文關(guān)鍵詞： 低碳旅游 旅游碳足跡 旅游能源消耗 旅游生態(tài)效率 海南省　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：旅游業(yè)是“能源密集”型產(chǎn)業(yè),在國家節(jié)能減排硬性指標的約束下,低碳模式成為旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理想選擇。但是,低碳旅游和旅游消費增長的反向運行,形成一個理論與現(xiàn)實中的“兩難困境”：減排指標過高,旅游消費可能步入“低碳陷阱”,鉗制旅游經(jīng)濟發(fā)展活力；減排指標過低,旅游發(fā)展可能帶來“增長過�！�,旅游環(huán)境影響難以控制。生態(tài)效率作為平衡旅游經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)境影響的分析工具,從單位環(huán)境影響的經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)出的視角出發(fā),以最優(yōu)態(tài)效率值作為評價旅游發(fā)展可持續(xù)性的標尺,為旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展評價確立了一個全新的理論分析框架。 本文從低碳旅游和生態(tài)效率兩個核心概念出發(fā),將旅游過程節(jié)能減排作為研究目標,以海南省為例,應(yīng)用生命周期評價(LCA)理論,通過旅游碳足跡模型、能源消耗模型、生態(tài)效率模型的定量計算,系統(tǒng)分析了不同屬性條件下旅游碳足跡、能源消耗、旅游生態(tài)效率等指標變量的差異、特征及其影響機制,探討了旅游者、經(jīng)營者的感知和態(tài)度對生態(tài)效率的影響,并結(jié)合國內(nèi)外低碳旅游相關(guān)政策現(xiàn)狀,提出適合我國實際的低碳旅游政策與對策體系,保障旅游生態(tài)效率的提升規(guī)劃能落到實處,促進區(qū)域旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展。總體上,本文的主要創(chuàng)新性結(jié)論有： (1)在低碳旅游、氣候變化、旅游生態(tài)效率逐漸成為學(xué)術(shù)熱點的背景下,國外定量化的模型研究方法,深入調(diào)查的案例研究實踐、多學(xué)科滲透的研究理論對國內(nèi)研究具有重要啟示。 (2)低碳旅游的本質(zhì)內(nèi)涵在于旅游溫室氣體(GHG)排放減量化、旅游能源消耗節(jié)約化、旅游經(jīng)濟收益增值化、旅游生態(tài)效率最優(yōu)化,形成旅游發(fā)展低排放、低污染、低能耗、高效率的“三低一高”格局。旅游生態(tài)效率理論根植于生態(tài)效率概念,其核心特征在于取得經(jīng)濟效益最大化的同時,實現(xiàn)旅游環(huán)境影響最小化的目標,作為一個旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的評價方法,旅游生態(tài)效率整合了環(huán)境影響與經(jīng)濟收益兩大變量,成為解決低碳旅游發(fā)展“兩難困境”的一個有效工具。 (3)海南省屬于長距離客源主導(dǎo)型市場結(jié)構(gòu),旅游者的平均出行距離較大,外部交通乘坐飛機比例較高,旅游者平均停留時間和人均消費水平較低,旅游交通碳足跡、旅游交通能源消耗占據(jù)最大比例,致使海南省旅游生態(tài)效率相比較而言略次于部分旅游目的地。 (4)提高旅游目的地生態(tài)效率水平的主要方向在于減排、節(jié)能、增收,具體措施有：提高低碳行動意識、實施生態(tài)效率規(guī)劃戰(zhàn)略、優(yōu)化旅游交通結(jié)構(gòu)、改變旅游消費習(xí)慣、創(chuàng)新低碳技術(shù)、擴大旅游消費能力、加強旅游活動管理、完善低碳旅游政策體系等。一般地,旅游者平均停留時間越長、平均出行距離越短、平均消費越高,旅游生態(tài)效率越接近最優(yōu)值。旅游“能源消耗賬單”與旅游碳足跡是一個多重選擇和決策的結(jié)果,相關(guān)利益主體的對生態(tài)效率、低碳旅游的感知、態(tài)度和行為深刻影響了目的地生態(tài)效率水平。
[Abstract]:Tourism is an " energy - intensive " type industry . Under the constraints of national energy saving and emission reduction targets , the low carbon mode becomes the ideal choice for sustainable development of tourism . However , low carbon tourism and tourism consumption increase in the opposite direction to form a " dilemma " in theory and reality : the emission reduction index is too high , the tourism consumption may enter the " low carbon trap " , the tourism environment is difficult to control . The ecological efficiency is used as the scale for evaluating the sustainable development of tourism , and the new theoretical analysis framework is established for the sustainable development evaluation of tourism . Based on the two core concepts of low carbon tourism and ecological efficiency , this paper takes Hainan Province as an example and applies life cycle assessment ( LCA ) theory to analyze the differences , characteristics and influence mechanism of tourism carbon footprint , energy consumption and ecological efficiency model under different attribute conditions . ( 1 ) In the background of low - carbon tourism , climate change and tourism ecological efficiency gradually become an academic hotspot , the research methods of quantitative models abroad , the case study practice in depth investigation , and the research theory of multi - disciplinary infiltration have important implications for domestic research . ( 2 ) The essence of low - carbon tourism is that tourism greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emission reduction , tourism energy consumption is saved , tourism economic benefits are added , tourism ecological efficiency is optimized , tourism development low emission , low pollution , low energy consumption and high efficiency are formed . ( 3 ) Hainan is a long - distance passenger - source leading market structure , the average travel distance of tourists is large , the proportion of the external traffic passenger is high , the average residence time of the tourists and the consumption level per capita are low , the tourism traffic carbon footprint and the tourism traffic energy consumption occupy the largest proportion , so that the tourism ecological efficiency of the Hainan Province is slightly inferior to the part of the tourism destination . ( 4 ) The main direction of improving the ecological efficiency level of tourism destination lies in reducing emission , saving energy , increasing income , improving the consciousness of low - carbon action , implementing eco - efficiency planning strategy , optimizing tourist traffic structure , changing tourism consumption habits , innovating low - carbon technology , enlarging tourism consumption ability , strengthening tourism activity management , perfecting the low - carbon tourism policy system , etc . Generally , the longer the average residence time of tourists , the more the average travel distance is , the higher the average consumption , the more the tourism ecological efficiency approaches the optimal value . The tourism " energy consumption bill " and the tourism carbon footprint are the result of a multi - choice and decision - making , and the perception , attitude and behavior of the relevant stakeholders affect the destination ecological efficiency level .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X22;F592

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