【摘要】： 黃河斷流，長江洪澇；可可西里荒漠，蒙古高原沙暴。發(fā)生的一切讓人震驚，發(fā)生的一切讓人覺醒。所幸的是，越來越多的人已經(jīng)認識到：可持續(xù)發(fā)展是中華民族未來的保證。 什么是現(xiàn)今中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素？是科學技術(shù)、文化傳統(tǒng)，還是人口、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平，抑或是自然資源與自然環(huán)境？帶著對這一問題的思考，進入了論文的前期準備工作。隨著準備工作的深入，越來越認識到“制度”在可持續(xù)發(fā)展諸因素中的重要性，由此決定從制度的角度來分析中國的可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題。 在分析的過程中，本文借鑒當代可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論及西方新制度經(jīng)濟學的有關(guān)研究成果，并從中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實踐出發(fā)，運用規(guī)范分析與實證分析、理論分析與數(shù)量分析相結(jié)合的研究方法，試圖揭示我國可持續(xù)發(fā)展與制度建設(shè)的復雜關(guān)系，進而闡明在社會主義市場經(jīng)濟條件下，制度建設(shè)是中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素，以及依靠制度建設(shè)實現(xiàn)我國可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略目標的基本途徑。 全文共8章，分屬序篇、上篇、下篇。序篇簡述可持續(xù)發(fā)展基本理論。上篇聯(lián)系中國實際，通過對影響中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展諸因素的對比論證，得出“制度是中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展關(guān)鍵因素”的論點。下篇著重論述如何依靠制度建設(shè)實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。 序篇僅包括第一章。在第一章可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論中，簡要地闡述了傳統(tǒng)發(fā)展觀的缺陷、可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀的確立過程以及可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)涵。雖然可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論早已為人所知，但作為論文整個邏輯體系的一部分，稍作介紹仍有必要，故以此為序篇。 上篇：制度是中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素。該篇包括第二、三、四章。通過層層推進、邏輯演繹，得出論斷。 第二章：中國與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。該章主要論述可持續(xù)發(fā)展對我國的特殊重要意義和我國實施可持續(xù)發(fā)展應當遵循的基本原則，為第三、四章WP=3的分析作了鋪墊。 第三章：中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展基本因素分析。該章分五節(jié)，分別從自然資源和自然環(huán)境、人口、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平、科學技術(shù)、文化五個方面分析對我國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的影響。每節(jié)的結(jié)構(gòu)大致相同，遵循從一般到具體的思路，即先一般性地論述該因素對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的影響，再具體到中國實際談具體影響。 第四章：可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素——制度。該章分為三節(jié)。第一節(jié)：由“公地悲劇”看制度對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵作用，通過經(jīng)典案例揭示論點：現(xiàn)實中一切人與自然關(guān)系的危機、一切生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，從表面上來看，是人與自然關(guān)系的不和諧問題，但其背后隱藏的實質(zhì)都是人與人關(guān)系的不和諧問題，是規(guī)定人與人關(guān)系的社會經(jīng)濟制度的扭曲問題；為了遏制中國生態(tài)環(huán)境的惡化，實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，迫切需要把制度作為根本的切入口，通過制度創(chuàng)新實現(xiàn)制度均衡，為可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供制度上的保證。第二節(jié)：制度對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的直接作用，該節(jié)從“良好的制度約束人們不利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的行為”、“制度能保證社會收益‘最大化’”、“制度為實現(xiàn)合作創(chuàng)作條件”、“制度有助于消除外部性”等四個方面作了抽象論證。第三節(jié)：制度對可持續(xù)發(fā)展諸因素的影響，試圖結(jié)合中國實際，論述制度對影響可持續(xù)發(fā)展諸因素的影響，間接地論證制度的關(guān)鍵作用。 下篇：依靠制度建設(shè)，實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。下篇包括第五、六、七、八章，分別從市場經(jīng)濟體制、產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、法律制度、政府作用四個方面加以論述。各章結(jié)構(gòu)近似，，先論其對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的作用，再提出制度設(shè)計。在此應當說明的是：市場經(jīng)濟體制、產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、法律制度、政府作用四方面并非對立矛盾的，也不存在孰優(yōu)孰劣，而是相輔相成，共同構(gòu)建一個可供選擇的制度集合。 第五章：建立與完善市場經(jīng)濟體制。首先對比論證計劃經(jīng)濟體制與市場經(jīng)濟體制對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的影響，然后提出通過建立、健全資源的價格形成機制和充分利用國際市場配置資源以實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 第六章：產(chǎn)權(quán)制度建設(shè)。先論證產(chǎn)權(quán)對生態(tài)環(huán)境保護和資源合理利用的積極作用，再提出可供選擇的產(chǎn)權(quán)形式。在各種產(chǎn)權(quán)形式中，資源WP=4使用權(quán)專用化是一個較符合中國國情又能合理保護、利用資源的思路。 第七章：法律制度建設(shè)。首先通過一個博弈模型來揭示法律制度對生態(tài)環(huán)保的積極作用，再從立法與執(zhí)法角度論述我國關(guān)于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的法律制度建設(shè)。 第八章：積極發(fā)揮政府作用。先分析政府為實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展干預經(jīng)濟的必要性和應遵循的原則，再從行政手段、稅收手段、可交易許可證制度等諸多方面論述政府如何有效地實施干預。 相對于上篇而言，下篇諸章側(cè)重于操作層面上的分析。從一定意義上講，下篇的論述也為“制度是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素”作了注腳。 本文的特點在于：（1）在對可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題的研究角度上，著力于制度分析；（2）明確提出在社會主義市場經(jīng)濟條件下，中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素是制度；（3）對如何依靠制度建設(shè)以實現(xiàn)中國可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略目標作了一定的探討；（4）在研究方法上，定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合，采用一些模型來解釋、解決問題。 因為本人學力有限，所以在一些問題的闡述上，顯得不夠深入，不夠全面。如在論述產(chǎn)權(quán)制度建設(shè)以保證可持續(xù)發(fā)展時，沒有涉及企業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度，只著重論述了共享資源的產(chǎn)權(quán)制
[Abstract]:The Yellow River, the flood of the Yangtze River, the flood of the Yangtze River, the desert of the cocoa West, the sand storm in the Mongolia plateau. Everything is shocking, and everything is awakening. Fortunately, more and more people have realized that sustainable development is the guarantee of the future of the Chinese nation.
What is the key factor for the sustainable development of China today? Is it science, technology, cultural tradition, population, economic development level, or natural resources and natural environment? With thinking about this problem, it has entered the preparatory work of the paper. With the deepening of the preparation work, more and more recognition of the "system" in the sustainable development The importance of these factors determines the sustainable development of China from the perspective of system.
In the process of the analysis, this paper draws on the relevant research results of contemporary sustainable development theory and Western New Institutional Economics, and, starting from the practice of sustainable development in China, uses normative analysis and empirical analysis, the combination of theoretical analysis and quantitative analysis, trying to reveal the complexity of China's sustainable development and system construction. Then it is explained that under the conditions of socialist market economy, the system construction is the key factor of China's sustainable development and the basic way to realize the strategic goal of sustainable development in China by system construction.
The full text consists of 8 chapters. It belongs to the preface, the first and the next. This article briefly describes the basic theory of sustainable development. The first part of this article is related to China's reality. Through the comparison and demonstration of the factors that affect the sustainable development of China, the thesis concludes that "the system is the key factor of China's sustainable development". The next chapter focuses on how to rely on the construction of the system to realize the war of sustainable development. A little.
The first chapter includes the first chapter. In the theory of sustainable development in the first chapter, it briefly expounds the defects of the traditional concept of development, the process of establishing the concept of sustainable development and the connotation of sustainable development. Although the theory of sustainable development has long been known to people, it is still necessary to make a brief introduction as part of the whole logical system of the paper. Preface.
Part I: Institution is the key factor of China's sustainable development. This chapter includes the second, third and fourth chapters. Through layer upon layer of advancement, logical deduction, come to the conclusion.
The second chapter: China and sustainable development. This chapter mainly discusses the special significance of sustainable development to our country and the basic principles to be followed in the implementation of sustainable development in China, which lays the groundwork for the analysis of the third, fourth chapter of WP=3.
The third chapter: the analysis of the basic factors of sustainable development in China. This chapter is divided into five sections, respectively from five aspects of natural resources and natural environment, population, economic development level, science and technology, and culture. The structure of each section is roughly the same and follows from the same to the concrete idea, that is, the factors are discussed in general. The impact on sustainable development is specific to China's actual effect.
The fourth chapter: the key factor of sustainable development - the system. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section: the key role of the system to sustainable development by "the tragedy of the public land", through the classical case, reveals the argument that the crisis of the relationship between all people and nature in reality, all the ecological environment problems, from the surface, is the relationship between man and nature. The essence of harmony, but the essence behind it, is the disharmony between human and human relations. It is a distortion of the social and economic system that stipulates the relationship between people and people. In order to prevent the deterioration of China's ecological environment and realize the sustainable development, the system is urgently needed as a fundamental entry point to achieve institutional equilibrium through institutional innovation. The second section: the direct role of the system on sustainable development, which is from "a good system restrains people's behavior against sustainable development", "the system can maximize the social benefits", "the system is the conditions for the creation of cooperative creation", and the "system helps eliminate externalities" and other parties. The third section: the influence of the system on the factors of sustainable development, trying to combine the Chinese reality, to discuss the influence of the system on the factors that affect the sustainable development, and to demonstrate the key role of the system indirectly.
The next chapter: relying on the system construction to achieve sustainable development. The next chapter includes fifth, sixth, seven, eight chapters, respectively from the market economic system, property rights system, legal system, the government's role in four aspects. The structure of each chapter is similar, first on its role in sustainable development, and then put forward the system design. Here should be explained: the market economy system, The four aspects of property right system, legal system and government function are not antagonistic contradictions, but they do not exist to be superior and inferior, but complement each other, together to build a set of institutions to choose.
The fifth chapter is to establish and improve the market economy system. First, it compares the impact of the planned economy system and the market economic system on the sustainable development, and then proposes to establish a sound mechanism for the formation of the price of resources and make full use of the resources of the international market to achieve sustainable development.
The sixth chapter: the construction of property right system. First, demonstrate the positive role of property rights on the protection of the ecological environment and the rational utilization of resources, and then put forward the form of property right which can be chosen. In various forms of property rights, the specialization of the right to use the resources WP=4 is a way of thinking which is more in line with the national conditions of China and can be rationally protected and utilized.
The seventh chapter: the construction of legal system. First, through a game model to reveal the positive role of legal system on ecological environmental protection, and then discuss the legal system construction of our country on sustainable development from the angle of legislation and law enforcement.
The eighth chapter: actively play the role of the government. First, analyze the necessity and principles of the government to realize the sustainable development of the intervention economy, and then discuss how the government effectively implements the intervention from the administrative means, the tax means, the tradable license system and many other aspects.
Compared with the last chapter, the next chapter focuses on the analysis of the operational level. In a sense, the next chapter also notes that "system is the key factor for sustainable development".
The characteristics of this article are: (1) in the perspective of sustainable development, we focus on institutional analysis; (2) the key factor of China's sustainable development is the system under the conditions of socialist market economy; (3) a certain discussion is made on how to rely on system construction to achieve the strategic goal of sustainable development of China; (4) Research methods, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, combined with some models to explain, solve problems.
Because of my limited learning ability, it is not thorough and comprehensive in the exposition of some problems. For example, when discussing the construction of property rights system to ensure sustainable development, the system of property rights is not involved, and the property right system of sharing resources is emphasized.
【學位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2000
【分類號】：F061.3

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1 冉棋文;可持續(xù)發(fā)展之制度分析[D];西南財經(jīng)大學;2000年

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