本文選題：產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 + 決定因素�。� 參考：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2004年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的逐步深入、高新技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展和全球性買方市場(chǎng)的基本 形成，國際間的產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益加劇，產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力成為一個(gè)國家或地區(qū)國際經(jīng)濟(jì)地 位的決定性因素。因此，從20世紀(jì)80年代，尤其是90年代以來，許多國家紛紛 開展產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理論研究，并取得了一些初步成果。 美國哈佛商學(xué)院教授邁克爾·波特(Michael E．Porter)是產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理論的創(chuàng)始 人。他在1990年出版的《國家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)》一書中通過對(duì)10個(gè)國家100多個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè) 的實(shí)證分析，總結(jié)出了影響產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的六大因素，即：要素條件、需求條件、 相關(guān)與支持產(chǎn)業(yè)、企業(yè)策略結(jié)構(gòu)與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、機(jī)遇和政府作用，這就是著名的“鉆石 模型”理論(“鉆石體系”理論)。這一理論的提出，為產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力研究提供了系 統(tǒng)的分析框架。 然而，盡管“鉆石”理論得到了世界上大多數(shù)學(xué)界、政府和產(chǎn)業(yè)界的贊同， 但這并不能說明它就是一個(gè)十分完美的、放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的定律，仍存在著一些 缺陷或不足。主要表現(xiàn)為：(1) 過分強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)國家的“商業(yè)環(huán)境”對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 形成的作用，未把產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部因素作為主導(dǎo)。(2) 忽視或淡化了“技術(shù)創(chuàng)新”對(duì)產(chǎn) 業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的決定性作用，未能將它放在十分突出的位子，顯然與當(dāng)今“知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)” 時(shí)代產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)和規(guī)律不符。(3) 片面強(qiáng)調(diào)“國內(nèi)需求條件”的作用， 低估了國際需求條件的重大影響，未能充分體現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化條件下“國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)國 際化、國際市場(chǎng)國內(nèi)化”的大趨勢(shì)。(4) 對(duì)“政府角色”的作用重視不夠。在波 特的“鉆石”模型中，“政府”只是一個(gè)“輔助”因素，主張政府對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展盡量 不要干預(yù)。很顯然，這對(duì)于市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)主體比較成熟的發(fā)達(dá)國家是 正確的，而對(duì)于廣大市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)主體均不成熟的發(fā)展中國家或地區(qū) 來說，就難以作出令人信服的解釋。 基于“鉆石”理論業(yè)已存在的缺陷或不足，本文根據(jù)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu) 勢(shì)理論、國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理論以及現(xiàn)代競(jìng)爭(zhēng)理論，運(yùn)用規(guī)范分析與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合、 定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合的方法，在充分吸收“鉆石”理論合理成分的基礎(chǔ)上， 對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的決定因素進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析，并結(jié)合中國實(shí)際進(jìn)行對(duì)策研究。 本文認(rèn)為，產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的決定因素來源于三個(gè)層次，即：基礎(chǔ)因素、核心因 素和環(huán)境因素。所謂基礎(chǔ)因素，是指影響產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的基本要素，主要包括基礎(chǔ) 設(shè)施、資金資源、勞動(dòng)力資源、自然資源等；所謂核心因素，是指在產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 中起關(guān)鍵作用的要素，主要包括技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、企業(yè)素質(zhì)、市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)等；所謂環(huán)境因 素，是指來自產(chǎn)業(yè)外部，對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力形成和提升具有較大影響的要素，主要包 括制度安排、政府作用等。只有這三個(gè)層次的力量共同作用才能決定一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。 但是，由于這三個(gè)層次所包含的具體因素太多，在決定產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力中不可能 都經(jīng)常性地發(fā)揮至關(guān)重要的作用。因此，我們只能選擇其中若干起主導(dǎo)作用的因 素。本文在綜合運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、管理學(xué)有關(guān)原理的基礎(chǔ)上，通過大量的實(shí)證分析后 認(rèn)為，在產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的形成過程中有五個(gè)因素經(jīng)常性地發(fā)揮作用，這就是:資源 條件、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、企業(yè)素質(zhì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)和政府作用.為便于表述，本文稱之 為“五要素論”。這五大要素是決定產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的基本力量，而且，在這五大要素 中，資源條件、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、企業(yè)素質(zhì)、產(chǎn)業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)直接作用于產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，政 府通過影響其他四個(gè)要素間接作用于產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力.這就是本文的理論框架。 本文認(rèn)為，“資源條件”是產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力所必須依賴的基本資源，是產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 形成的基本前提。主要包括基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施資源、自然資源、資本資源、人力資源等. 在產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展過程中，豐富而有特色的資源條件是其比較優(yōu)勢(shì)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的重要來 源，有利于降低產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)成本，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)營效率;有利于增強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品 的差異性，使產(chǎn)業(yè)具備競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手難以獲取的優(yōu)勢(shì);有利于擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)營規(guī)模， 提高在全球市場(chǎng)的份額:有利于改善產(chǎn)業(yè)的要素供給，提升產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展水平。 所謂“技術(shù)創(chuàng)新”是指新產(chǎn)品和新工藝設(shè)想的產(chǎn)生(獲取)、研究開發(fā)、應(yīng)用 于生產(chǎn)、進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)銷售并實(shí)現(xiàn)商業(yè)利益以及新技術(shù)擴(kuò)散整個(gè)過程的一切技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì) 活動(dòng)的總和，分為產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新與工藝創(chuàng)新，漸進(jìn)性創(chuàng)新與基本性創(chuàng)新，資本節(jié)約型 創(chuàng)新、勞動(dòng)節(jié)約型創(chuàng)新和中性型創(chuàng)新，綜合性創(chuàng)新四種類型。根據(jù)現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng) 理論，，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中越來越具有決定性的作用，也是產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力形成和 提高的關(guān)鍵因素.其作用機(jī)理主要表現(xiàn)為:降低產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)營成本，使產(chǎn)品在市場(chǎng) 上具有明顯的價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì);不斷開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的差異化，使產(chǎn)業(yè)具有較強(qiáng) 的市場(chǎng)壟斷地位;改進(jìn)生產(chǎn)工藝，提高產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率:提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)t，推進(jìn) 產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)高度化.實(shí)踐證明，在全球性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈的條件下，只有持續(xù)進(jìn) 行技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，一國產(chǎn)業(yè)才能保持領(lǐng)先的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。 所謂“企業(yè)素質(zhì)”，是指構(gòu)成企業(yè)各要素的質(zhì)t及其相互結(jié)合的外在表現(xiàn)特征， 它決定了企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)所必須具備的基本要素的有機(jī)結(jié)合所產(chǎn)生的整體功 能，主要包括技術(shù)素質(zhì)、管理素質(zhì)、規(guī)模素質(zhì)和人員素質(zhì)等內(nèi)容。在一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)， 只有
[Abstract]:With the gradual deepening of economic globalization, the rapid development of high technology and the basic of the global buyer's market
The international competitiveness of industries has become increasingly fierce, and industrial competitiveness has become an international economic area of a country or region.
Therefore, since 1980s, especially since 90s, many countries have come to the forefront.
Theoretical research on industrial competitiveness has been carried out and some preliminary results have been achieved.
Michael E.Porter, a Harvard Business School professor, is the creation of the theory of industrial competitiveness.
In his book "national competitive advantage" published in 1990, he passed more than 100 industries in 10 countries.
Based on the empirical analysis, the six factors that influence the competitiveness of industry are summed up.
Related and supporting industries, corporate strategy structure and competition, opportunities and government role, this is the famous "diamond".
The theory of "diamond" is put forward by the theory of "diamond".
The analysis framework of the system.
However, although the "diamond" theory has been endorsed by most mathematical circles, governments and industry in the world,
But this does not mean that it is a perfect law that is universally applicable.
Defects or deficiencies are mainly manifested as follows: (1) overemphasizing the industrial competitiveness of a country's "business environment"
The formation of the role does not take the internal factors of the industry as the leading factor. (2) neglect or weaken the "technological innovation" to the production.
The decisive role of industry competitiveness has failed to put it in a very prominent position, obviously with today's "knowledge economy".
The industrial development of the times is not in conformity with the reality and rules of competition. (3) unilaterally emphasize the role of "domestic demand conditions".
It underestimated the great influence of international demand conditions, and failed to fully reflect the "domestic market" under the conditions of economic globalization.
(4) insufficient attention is paid to the role of "government role".
In the special "diamond" model, the "government" is only an "auxiliary" factor, and it advocates that the government should try its best to develop the industry.
It is obvious that this is a developed country with relatively mature market economy system and market competition subjects.
It is right for developing countries or regions that are immature in the market economy system and market competition subjects.
It is difficult to make a convincing explanation.
Based on the existing defects or deficiencies of diamond theory, this paper is based on the theory of comparative advantage.
Potential theory, international competitiveness theory and modern competition theory are combined with normative analysis and empirical analysis.
The combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis is based on the full absorption of the rational components of "diamond" theory.
The determinants of industrial competitiveness are systematically analyzed, and countermeasures are put forward in light of China's actual conditions.
This paper holds that the determinants of industrial competitiveness come from three levels, namely, basic factors and core factors.
The basic factors refer to the basic factors that affect the competitiveness of the industry, including the foundation.
Facilities, capital resources, labor resources, natural resources, etc.
The key elements that play a key role include technological innovation, enterprise quality, market structure, and so on.
"Su" refers to the main factors that influence the formation and upgrading of industrial competitiveness from the outside of the industry.
It includes institutional arrangements, government functions and so on. Only these three levels of forces can work together to decide an industry.
Competitive ability.
However, because these three levels contain too many specific factors, it is impossible to decide the industrial competitiveness.
Often play a crucial role. Therefore, we can only choose a number of leading factors.
In this paper, based on the principles of economics and management, a lot of empirical analysis is carried out.
It is believed that five factors play a role in the formation of industrial competitiveness, that is, resources.
Conditions, technological innovation, enterprise quality, industrial organization structure and government functions.
As the "five elements theory", these five elements are the basic forces that determine the competitiveness of the industry, and these five elements are also important factors.
In China, resource conditions, technological innovation, enterprise quality and industrial organization structure play a direct role in industrial competitiveness.
The government indirectly acts on industrial competitiveness through influencing four other elements. This is the theoretical framework of this article.
This paper holds that "resource condition" is the basic resource that must be relied on in industrial competitiveness and the competitiveness of industry.
The basic premise of the formation includes infrastructure resources, natural resources, capital resources, human resources and so on.
In the process of industrial development, abundant and distinctive resource conditions are important for their comparative advantages and competitive advantages.
The source will help reduce the production cost of the products in the industry, improve the operation efficiency of the industry, and enhance the products.
The difference makes the industry have the advantage that the competitors can not get, and is conducive to expanding the scale of the operation of the industry.
Increasing the share in the global market is conducive to improving the supply of industries and improving the level of development of the industry.
The term "technological innovation" refers to the generation, acquisition, research, development and application of new products and new processes.
All technological economy in the whole process of production, market entry, business interests and new technology diffusion.
The sum of activities can be divided into product innovation and technological innovation, incremental innovation and basic innovation, and capital saving.
Innovation, labor saving innovation and neutral innovation, comprehensive innovation four types. According to the modern economic growth
Theory, technological innovation plays an increasingly decisive role in economic development, and is also the formation and competitiveness of industrial competitiveness.
The main mechanism of the improvement is: reducing the operating cost of the industry and making the product in the market.
It has obvious price advantages, constantly developing new products, promoting product differentiation, and making the industry strong.
Market monopoly; improve production technology and improve the efficiency of industry: improve product quality T, promote
The internal structure of the industry is highly developed. Practice has proved that under the condition of increasingly fierce global competition, only continuous progress is made.
With technological innovation, a country's industry can maintain its leading competitive edge.
The so-called "enterprise quality" refers to the quality t of all elements of an enterprise and the external characteristics of its combination.
It determines the overall work generated by the organic integration of the essential elements of an enterprise's production and operation activities.
It mainly includes technical quality, management quality, scale quality and personnel quality. In an industry,
only

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：F062.9

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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