本文選題：西部大開發(fā)　切入點：政府行為　出處：《西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2001年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：一 政府與市場的關(guān)系問題，是現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟學(xué)中一個永恒的主題。縱觀世界各國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展歷程，一個國家要實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟的整體演進和社會的全面進步，有一個共同的、基本的經(jīng)驗，那就是在充分發(fā)揮市場機制作用的基礎(chǔ)上，必須運用政府的經(jīng)濟權(quán)威和比較優(yōu)勢，根據(jù)不斷變化的經(jīng)濟政治環(huán)境，適時地調(diào)整和更換政府的角色，有效發(fā)揮政府作用。因此，研究政府的經(jīng)濟行為無疑具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。 從理論上看，研究市場經(jīng)濟，不能不研究政府經(jīng)濟行為。政府的經(jīng)濟行為直接源于克服市場失靈和對公平問題的關(guān)注，然而政府也存在著失靈的問題。如何在政府活動的范圍和領(lǐng)域引入市場機制，有效防范政府失靈，是理論研究的重要課題。因此，從理論上分析政府經(jīng)濟行為和探尋政府作用的有效發(fā)揮就顯得尤為重要。 從實踐上看，研究政府經(jīng)濟行為對于體制轉(zhuǎn)軌中的中國有特殊的意義。在中國的市場化進程中，政府扮演著一個極其重要和特殊的角色，一方面，政府要積極培育和完善市場體制，推動微觀主體的重新構(gòu)造，另一方面，隨著社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制的逐步確立，對政府的經(jīng)濟行為提出了新的要求。在體制轉(zhuǎn)軌過程中，政府經(jīng)濟行為如何轉(zhuǎn)軌，如何構(gòu)建新的行為模式，是擺在我們面前的現(xiàn)實課題。 二 從邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)上看，本文分為有機聯(lián)系的兩大部分：理論篇和實證篇。理論部分包括第一章；實證部分包括第二、三、四章。理論部分為政府經(jīng)濟行為的研究提供基本依據(jù)和分析框架。它研究政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟的理論基礎(chǔ)和政府職能的演變，并探討如何實現(xiàn)政府行為的有效性。實證部分則在介紹西部大開發(fā)背景的基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒國內(nèi)外進行區(qū)域經(jīng)濟開發(fā)的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，探索政府的角色定位和作用，進而提出西部大開發(fā)的政策建議。 本文基本思路為：首先提出分析的理論基礎(chǔ)和實證基礎(chǔ)，理論基WP=3礎(chǔ)為公共經(jīng)濟學(xué)，重點研究政府存在的必要性和政府行為的效率；實證基礎(chǔ)為西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略和國內(nèi)外區(qū)域經(jīng)濟開發(fā)的歷史借鑒。然后在理論基礎(chǔ)和現(xiàn)實背景的前提下，研究社會主義市場經(jīng)濟中特別是西部大開發(fā)條件下政府行為存在的問題及其原因，探討政府職能的定位和轉(zhuǎn)變，分別討論中央政府和地方政府在西部開發(fā)中的作用。最后，針對西部大開發(fā)提出政策建議，，要求政府從財政政策、金融政策、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策及農(nóng)村政策四個方面進行支持，促進西部大開發(fā)的進行。 沿著這一基本思路，本文展開了較為深入的分析。本文分析的中心問題是政府行為，它是以政府的存在作為前提的，政府干預(yù)行為的理論依據(jù)是市場失靈的存在。因此，本文從市場失靈展開分析。市場失靈是市場經(jīng)濟運行不可避免的，由于競爭不完全、外部性、信息不對稱等現(xiàn)象的存在，市場方式就可能導(dǎo)致資源的誤配置。糾正市場失靈的直接方法就是要求政府利用其比較優(yōu)勢對經(jīng)濟進行干預(yù)。 然而從自由市場經(jīng)濟到壟斷經(jīng)濟，再到現(xiàn)代市場經(jīng)濟，政府職能本身是隨著經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展而演變的，政府對經(jīng)濟的干預(yù)經(jīng)歷了放任自由到高度介入，直至適度干預(yù)的發(fā)展階段。即使在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟社會中，發(fā)達(dá)國家和后進國家的政府職能也是不相同。尤其是后進國家的政府，不僅要繼續(xù)保持政府維護經(jīng)濟發(fā)展環(huán)境的職責(zé)，而且要為本國經(jīng)濟的迅速崛起提供初始動力。當(dāng)然，政府不是萬能的，政府行為的有效性存在效力遞減和能力限制等因素，這直接導(dǎo)致了政府失靈。為此，就必須在優(yōu)化政府機構(gòu)的同時，強調(diào)市場機制與政府機制的結(jié)合。 在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟開發(fā)的過程中，市場與政府的結(jié)合得到了很好的體現(xiàn)。從我國歷史上所進行的兩次大規(guī)模區(qū)域開發(fā)來看，政府的支持對于一個地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是十分重要的；從國外區(qū)域開發(fā)的經(jīng)驗來看，政府應(yīng)當(dāng)營造良好的發(fā)展環(huán)境，引導(dǎo)市場力量向著合理的發(fā)展方向運行。在西部大開發(fā)的現(xiàn)實背景下，這一點尤為重要。 那么，西部地區(qū)的政府究竟應(yīng)當(dāng)在這種歷史大背景下發(fā)揮什么樣的作用呢？為了深入分析這個問題，本文探討了西部地區(qū)政府職能的現(xiàn)狀，指出它存在著角色定位不清、行為不規(guī)范、干預(yù)方式不適當(dāng)?shù)葐栴}，并對其產(chǎn)生原因作了一定的剖析。因此，西部地區(qū)政府有效發(fā)WP=4揮作用的關(guān)鍵是較為準(zhǔn)確的角色定位，以此實現(xiàn)政府職能的轉(zhuǎn)變，從而通過政府行為的引導(dǎo)職能、管理職能、協(xié)調(diào)規(guī)劃職能和服務(wù)職能來促進西部發(fā)展。值得重視的是，對政府職能的深入分析必須建立在對中央政府和地方政府的區(qū)別認(rèn)識上：中央政府從宏觀方面為地方政府提供制度創(chuàng)新激勵，營造發(fā)展環(huán)境，協(xié)調(diào)區(qū)域之間的關(guān)系；而地方政府則在適當(dāng)定位的基礎(chǔ)上，進行制度創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)權(quán)保護，改善投資環(huán)境和吸引人才，以實現(xiàn)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展。 分析問題是為了解決問題，單純討論政府職能是沒有意義的。因此有必要在研究政府職能的基礎(chǔ)上，為西部開發(fā)提供較為可行的政策建議。換言之。也就是通過財政政策、貨幣政策、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策及農(nóng)村政策，為西部開發(fā)提供政策上的支持，使得西部的經(jīng)濟主體能夠在較為寬松的發(fā)展環(huán)境中充分發(fā)揮主動性和積極性，最終實現(xiàn)西部開發(fā)的順利進行。 三 相對于政府職能而言，政府的經(jīng)濟行為更加具體和復(fù)雜多變；同時，其作用范圍和力度還受到外部經(jīng)濟環(huán)境等影響和制約，這無疑增加了政府經(jīng)濟行為分析上的難度�；诖�，本文在吸收和借鑒
[Abstract]:One
The relation between the government and market, is an eternal theme in modern economics. Throughout the world economic development, a country must realize the all-round progress of the overall development of economy and society, there is a common, basic experience, that is to give full play to the basic role of market mechanisms, must the use of economic authority and comparative advantage of the government, according to the changing economic and political environment, timely adjust and change the role of the government, effectively play the role of the government. Therefore, studying the economic behavior of government undoubtedly has important theoretical and practical significance.
In theory, the research of market economy, must study the government economic behavior. The economic behavior of the government directly from overcoming market failure and fairness issues, but the government also has the problem of malfunction. How to introduce the market mechanism in the scope of government activities and areas, effectively prevent government failure is an important research topic. Therefore, effective analysis of government economic behavior from theory and explore the role of government is particularly important.
In practice, the research of government economic behavior has a special meaning for system transformation in China. Marketization in the China, the government plays an extremely important and special role, on the one hand, the government should actively cultivate and perfect market system, promote the re construction of microeconomic subjects, on the other hand, with the the gradual establishment of socialist market economy, put forward new requirements for the economic behavior of the government. In the course of system transition, how the government economic behavior transition, how to build a new pattern of behavior, is placed in a practical issue before us.
Two
From the logic structure, this paper is divided into two major parts: Theory and empirical studies. The theory part includes the first chapter; the empirical part includes the second, third, four chapter. To provide the fundamental basis and analysis framework of the theory part is to study the economic behavior of the government. It studies the evolution of government intervention in the economy and the theoretical foundation of government function. And discuss how to realize the validity of the government behavior. The empirical part, based on the introduction of the background of the western development, draw on the experience of regional economic development at home and abroad, to explore the role and function of government, and put forward the western development policy recommendations.
The basic idea of this paper is as follows: firstly, put forward the theoretical basis of the analysis and empirical basis, based on the theory of the WP=3 foundation for public economics, the efficiency of government behavior and the necessity of focusing on the government's history; empirical basis for the western development strategy and regional economic development at home and abroad for reference. Then based on the theoretical foundation and realistic background study on the socialist market economy, especially the government behavior existence of western development under the conditions of the problem and the reason of the localization and transition of government function, discusses the central and local governments in the development of the role in the West. Finally, in view of the western development policy recommendations, requests the government from fiscal policy, financial policy, for support four aspects of industrial policy and rural policy, promote the development of the west regions.
Along this basic train of thought, this paper carried out an in-depth analysis. This paper is the analysis of the behavior of the government, it is a prerequisite to the existence of the government, the theoretical basis of government intervention is the existence of market failure. Therefore, this article from the market failure analysis. Market failure is the market economy inevitable. Because of imperfect competition, externality, information asymmetry phenomenon, the market may lead to errors in the allocation of resources. The direct method of correcting market failure requires government intervention in the economy with its comparative advantage.
However, from the free market economy to the monopoly economy to modern market economy, the functions of the government itself is evolving with the development of economy, government intervention in the economy has experienced the laissez faire to the height of intervention, development stage, moderate intervention. Even in the modern economic society, the functions of the government in developed countries and developing countries is also not the same. Especially in the national government, not only to continue to maintain the government to protect the environment of economic development responsibilities, but also to provide the initial impetus for the rapid rise of domestic economy. Of course, the government is not omnipotent, the effectiveness and capacity constraints of diminishing the effectiveness of government behavior, which directly leads to the failure of the government. Therefore, we must optimize the government institutions at the same time, combination of government and market mechanisms.
In the process of regional economic development, combined with the market and the government has been well reflected. The two large-scale regional development from the history of our country, government support is very important for the economic development of a region; regional development experience from abroad to see, the government should create a development environment good, guide the market forces towards rational development. In the background of China's western development, which is particularly important.
So, the government of the western region should play what role in this historical background? In order to analyze this problem, this paper discusses the present situation of the western region of government function, it has pointed out that the role is not clear, behavior is not standardized, inappropriate intervention problems, and the reasons for the some of the analysis. Therefore, the key role of government in the western region effective WP=4 is the role of more accurate positioning, so as to realize the transformation of government functions, and through the government behavior guidance function, management function, coordination and planning functions and service functions to promote western development. It is worth paying attention to in-depth analysis of the functions of the government must be based on the difference between the central government and the local government understanding: the central government from the macro aspects for the local government to provide institutional innovation, creating a development environment, regional coordination The relationship between local governments and local governments is based on proper positioning, including institutional innovation and property rights protection, improving investment environment and attracting talents, so as to achieve rapid development of regional economy.
Analysis of the problem is to solve the problem, a simple discussion of the function of government is of no significance. So it is necessary based on the function of the government, to provide feasible policy advice for the development of Western China. In other words, also is through fiscal policy, monetary policy, industrial policy and rural policy, provide policy support for the development of Western China so, the western economic subject to play the initiative and enthusiasm fully in the development environment is more relaxed in the final implementation of the western development smoothly.
Three
Compared with the functions of the government, the government's economic behavior is more specific and complex. At the same time, its scope and intensity are also influenced and restricted by external economic environment. This undoubtedly increases the difficulty of the government's economic behavior analysis. Based on this, this article is absorbing and learning from it.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類號】：F015

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 方曉利;政策失效與政府經(jīng)濟職能界定[J];安慶師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2000年01期

2 方曉利;社會主義國家政府在制度創(chuàng)新中的作用[J];財經(jīng)研究;2000年07期

3 陳東琪;現(xiàn)代市場經(jīng)濟為什么需要政府——對經(jīng)濟學(xué)中老問題的新思考[J];財貿(mào)經(jīng)濟;1999年06期

4 毛道根;論發(fā)展中國家政府與市場的關(guān)系[J];當(dāng)代財經(jīng);2000年06期

5 廖進球;略論市場經(jīng)濟中的政府[J];當(dāng)代財經(jīng);1997年06期

6 廖進球;后起國政府與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展[J];當(dāng)代財經(jīng);1998年11期

7 祝小寧,黃安;論社會主義市場經(jīng)濟條件下中國政府行為及職能[J];電子科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(社科版);2000年02期

8 杜平;西部開發(fā)宏觀環(huán)境分析及政策措施制定[J];中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟;2000年04期

9 魏后凱;關(guān)于加快西部開發(fā)的若干政策問題[J];中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟;2000年07期

10 郭煒煜,袁名別;市場經(jīng)濟條件下政府職能優(yōu)化的途徑[J];華北電力大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2000年01期

本文編號：1574492