本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公共品 供給制度 市場(chǎng)化改革　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近二三十年以來的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，特別是席卷全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)變革中，市場(chǎng)被看作了組織現(xiàn)代社會(huì)最有效的手段——西方諸國(guó)政府先后調(diào)整對(duì)市場(chǎng)的管制，我國(guó)也轉(zhuǎn)而實(shí)行社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)。以市場(chǎng)為中心的變革之風(fēng)幾乎吹遍了整個(gè)社會(huì)，當(dāng)然也包括公共事業(yè)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域——政府服務(wù)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、教育等等。傳統(tǒng)理論認(rèn)為，公共品提供制度應(yīng)該由政府來安排——即生產(chǎn)和提供的整個(gè)過程。我國(guó)公共品供給制度的顯著特征就是政府調(diào)節(jié)和公共部門的壟斷經(jīng)營(yíng)，市場(chǎng)機(jī)制及私人部門在公共品供給方面參與程度較低，這樣的結(jié)果是供給效率的低下和公共福利的損失。為了提高公共品配置效率和解決投資不足的問題，市場(chǎng)介入公共事業(yè)是個(gè)趨勢(shì)，許多地方政府已經(jīng)或正在做這方面的嘗試。 公共品供給的市場(chǎng)化改革并不是讓政府放棄提供公共品的職責(zé)，而是相反——利用民間部門的專業(yè)化和資金優(yōu)勢(shì)，更好更有效率地提供公共品。政府為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。就要選擇有效的改革途徑，不同的公共品采取不同的制度安排，將政府和民間部門的優(yōu)勢(shì)相結(jié)合。在這一過程中，為了確保公共品的普遍服務(wù)性，并考慮公共品對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要作用，當(dāng)然也是為了保護(hù)和扶持參與公共事業(yè)的民間企業(yè)，政府必須完善公共品提供的監(jiān)督保障機(jī)制，嚴(yán)密科學(xué)地設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)制和監(jiān)管制度——其目的是限制壟斷，促進(jìn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 本文分為五個(gè)部分，其結(jié)構(gòu)是按照改革公共品提供制度的相關(guān)理論——國(guó)外改革評(píng)述——我國(guó)改革必要性——政策設(shè)計(jì)——政府定位這樣的思路設(shè)計(jì)的。 本文的第一部分闡述了公共品供給制度改革的相關(guān)理論。首先是對(duì)物品和服務(wù)的分類，幾乎所有的物品和服務(wù)都可以用“共同消費(fèi)”和是否“排他”進(jìn)行分類和整理，只是帶有“純粹”屬性的物品并不多，很多物品都落在由排他可行性衡量的和由是否共同消費(fèi)衡量的連續(xù)體內(nèi)。其次是對(duì)公共品提供制度改革的理論探討——政府是否具有提供公共品的效率解，如果可以得出效率解，又有怎樣的前提條件。再次，在進(jìn)一步的理論探討中，指出區(qū)別公共品的提供者利生產(chǎn)音是必要的——這是界定政府角色的基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分是對(duì)西方國(guó)家公共品制度改革的評(píng)述及分析其對(duì)我國(guó)改革的啟示。西方國(guó)家的改革已有20年歷史，在實(shí)踐和理論方面有諸多值得借鑒之處，通過對(duì)西方國(guó)家改革成因、內(nèi)容及效果的分析，得出對(duì)我國(guó)改革的若干啟示。 第三部分是對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行公共品供給制度的分析。分為兩個(gè)部分，一是針對(duì)公共品提供制度的缺陷進(jìn)行闡述，市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入壁壘與產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)單一使得公共品供給缺乏有效競(jìng)爭(zhēng)， 而公共品供給者和生，、”者不分造成供給效率低卜;_幾是公共.異，供給的投融資問題，政府 財(cái)力不足，與“城市化”需要大墩資金形成矛后，民間資本介入可以緩和這一矛盾。 第四部分提出了公共附。供給制度改革的途徑。這是本文的重點(diǎn)所在。政府利用民間 部門的專業(yè)化優(yōu)勢(shì)，與民營(yíng)部門形成各種形式的合作關(guān)系，改變目前提供公共品效率低 下的窘境。這一部分首先提出并闡述了公共沉.的8種制度安排，并指出這些安排的適用 J清況，然后乖點(diǎn)對(duì)兩種關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的公共，、}.—基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和教育的供給制度改革進(jìn)行 分析，并提出了具有一定可乎」1性的政策建議。 第五部分是對(duì)政府在公共.W:供給制度改革中的定位進(jìn)行分析。政府在推進(jìn)公共品供 給制度市場(chǎng)化改革的進(jìn)程中，為了營(yíng)造公平有序的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)氛圍，必須制定旨在促進(jìn)有效競(jìng) 爭(zhēng)、限制壟斷的規(guī)制制度，并對(duì)參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的國(guó)有企業(yè)和民營(yíng)企業(yè)實(shí)施科學(xué)嚴(yán)密的監(jiān)管。 本文在寫作過程中，，采用理論分析與實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的方法，力求對(duì)研究問題的論 述清晰而深刻。本文力圖通過對(duì)公共品供給制度改革必要性的闡述，并借鑒國(guó)外類似的 理論與實(shí)踐，設(shè)計(jì)出符合我國(guó)市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程，并具有一定可行性的政策建議。鑒于原始資 料收集的困難和個(gè)人水平的有限，論文尚有不足之處，請(qǐng)老師批評(píng)指正。 關(guān)鍵詞:公共品供給制度市場(chǎng)化改午 .二)
[Abstract]:Nearly twenty or thirty years since the development of social economy, especially in the global economic change, the market is regarded as the most effective means of organization in modern society, the Western nations have adjusted the control on the market, China is also switching to the socialist market economy. With the market as the center of the winds of change blowing through almost the whole society. Of course, including public utilities all areas of government services, infrastructure, education and so on. In traditional theory, the public goods supply system should be the whole process by the government to arrange, produce and supply. Significant features of China's public goods supply system is the government regulation and public sector monopoly, the market mechanism and private sector in the supply of public goods in the low level, the result is the supply of low efficiency and public welfare loss. In order to improve the efficiency of public goods allocation And to solve the problem of underinvestment, market involvement in public utilities is a trend, and many local governments have or are trying to do this.
The supply of public goods market reform is not to give up the government to provide public goods duty, but on the contrary, the use of private sector professional and financial advantages, better and more efficient provision of public goods. The government in order to achieve this goal. We must choose an effective way to reform, different public goods take different institutional arrangements. The government and the private sector of the advantages of the combination. In this process, in order to ensure the universal service of public goods, and considering the important role of public goods in economic development, and also for public service industry to participate in the protection and support of private enterprises, the government must improve the supervision mechanism of public goods supply, strict scientific the design of regulation and supervision system, its purpose is to limit the monopoly and promote competition.
This article is divided into five parts. Its structure is designed according to the relevant theories of reforming public goods supply system, namely, foreign reform review -- the necessity of China's reform -- policy design, government positioning.
The first part of this paper introduces the related theories of the reform of public goods supply system. The first is the classification of goods and services, almost all of the goods and services can use the "collective consumption" and "exclusive" to classify and organize, only with "pure" property of the goods are not many, many things are falling the measured by exclusive feasibility and by whether continuous in common consumption measure. The second is to explore the public goods supply system reform theory, whether the government has to provide solutions for the efficiency of public goods, if you can get the efficiency of solution, and the premise of how to further explore. Thirdly, in theory, points out the difference between public product supplier production sound is necessary -- this is the basis of the definition of the role of government.
The second part is the review of the reform in western countries public goods system and analysis of its Revelation of China's reform. The reform of western countries has 20 years of history, in terms of the practice and theory have many advantages, through to the western countries reform causes, content analysis and effect, obtains some enlightenment for the reform of our country.
The third part is the analysis of the current public goods supply system in China, which is divided into two parts. First, the defects of the public goods provision system are expounded. The barriers to entry and the single structure of property rights make the public goods supply lack effective competition.
The supply of public goods and the students, who do not cause the supply efficiency of public _ low Bu; few. Different supply of investment and financing, government
The lack of financial resources, and the "urbanization" need big pier funds to form a spear, private capital intervention can ease this contradiction.
The fourth part puts forward the way of the public attachment and the reform of the supply system. This is the focus of this article. The government uses the civil society.
The professional advantages of the Department, the formation of various forms of cooperation with the private sector, and the low efficiency of providing public goods at present
This part first puts forward and expounds the 8 institutional arrangements of public subsidence, and points out the application of these arrangements.
J state, then the public good, two kinds of relationship. - were beneficial to the people's livelihood, infrastructure and education supply system reform
An analysis is made and a policy proposal with a certain "1 nature" is proposed.
The fifth part is the analysis of the government's positioning in the reform of the public.W: supply system. The government is promoting public goods supply.
In order to create a fair and orderly competition atmosphere in the process of system market reform, it is necessary to develop an effective competition to promote effective competition.
To restrict the regulation system of monopoly and to carry out scientific and strict supervision on the state-owned enterprises and private enterprises participating in the competition.
In the process of writing, this paper adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, and strives to study the problem.
The article is clear and profound. This article tries to explain the necessity of the reform of the system of public goods supply, and draw lessons from the similar foreign countries.
The theory and practice are designed to meet the market process in China and have some feasible policy proposals.
The difficulties in the collection of materials and the limited personal level are limited. There are still shortcomings in the paper, and the teachers are asked to criticize them.
Key words: the market transformation of the supply system of public goods
Two).

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號(hào)】：F062.6

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