本文關(guān)鍵詞： 行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)判斷 決策框架 前景理論　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的產(chǎn)生在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域引起了很大反響,有人說(shuō)這是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一次革命,但我認(rèn)為行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)更是一種回歸,它將經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的“人”重新定義到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)創(chuàng)建最初時(shí)的“人”的含義上來(lái)。行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)創(chuàng)始人Daniel Kahneman及其伙伴Amos Tversky將心理學(xué)尤其是認(rèn)知心理學(xué)的研究成果運(yùn)用到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域,開創(chuàng)出了一系列新的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)概念和理論,包括不確定條件下的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)判斷和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策、前景理論、決策框架效應(yīng)理論、偏好逆轉(zhuǎn)理論、稟賦效應(yīng)和損失厭惡理論等。Kahneman認(rèn)為在不確定性的條件下,由于人們的認(rèn)知水平、認(rèn)知條件和環(huán)境不同,人們的決策會(huì)系統(tǒng)的偏離期望效用理論的邏輯預(yù)測(cè)。為此,他經(jīng)過無(wú)數(shù)次的實(shí)驗(yàn)和研究來(lái)分析造成偏離的原因:因?yàn)槿祟惔嬖谌N最為典型的啟發(fā)式偏向,包括代表性偏向(representativeness)、可得性偏向(availability)、錨定效應(yīng)(anchoring),所以人們?cè)谂袛嗪蜎Q策時(shí)就會(huì)受到這些偏向的影響而發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性的偏離。在找出原因之后,Daniel Kahneman及其伙伴Amos Tversky渴望能創(chuàng)建出新的理論來(lái)解釋人們的決策行為。兩人于1979年提出了震驚經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界的“前景理論”,該理論借用“期望效用理論”的框架,將眾多心理學(xué)研究成果包括上述三種啟發(fā)式偏向考慮進(jìn)模型中,較好地解釋和預(yù)測(cè)了人們?cè)诓淮_定條件下的決策過程和結(jié)果。此后,兩位教授針對(duì)前景理論中的理論予以豐富和完善,提出了稟賦效用、現(xiàn)狀偏見和損失厭惡等原理,并做了詳細(xì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)學(xué)上的證實(shí)和分析。二十世紀(jì)八十年代,Kahneman還與塞勒一起研究公平交換的判斷、補(bǔ)償政策,解決了關(guān)于人們?nèi)绾闻袛嗖煌?jīng)濟(jì)類型中的交換是否公平的問題。此外,他對(duì)效用以及社會(huì)福利的研究結(jié)果很鮮明的體現(xiàn)了行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)不同于傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的地方,尤其是他提出的主觀效用可以計(jì)量的觀點(diǎn)極大的觸動(dòng)了傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的根基。筆者最后對(duì)Kahneman教授行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)思想的意義也提出了自己的看法。行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)就像經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)這棵樹上的兩個(gè)分支,彼此不同,相互獨(dú)立卻又相互影響。文章對(duì)Daniel Kahneman行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)思想的來(lái)源、邏輯發(fā)展、主要理論內(nèi)容以及研究意義予以了詳細(xì)闡述和分析,期望可以為國(guó)內(nèi)行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究提供理論參考,吸引更多的學(xué)者研究這一領(lǐng)域,促進(jìn)其在國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)展;同時(shí),也期望這門學(xué)科能持續(xù)發(fā)展下去,更好地為人類社會(huì)服務(wù)。
[Abstract]:The emergence of behavioral economics has caused a lot of repercussions in the field of economics. Some people say it is a revolution in the field of economics, but I think behavioral economics is even more a return. It redefines "human" in economics to the meaning of "human" when economics was founded. Daniel Kahneman, founder of behavioral economics, and his partner, Amos Tversky, applied the research results of psychology, especially cognitive psychology, to the field of economic research. A series of new economic concepts and theories have been developed, including risk judgment and risk decision under uncertain conditions, prospect theory, decision frame effect theory, preference reversal theory. The endowment effect and loss aversion theory, etc. Kahneman thinks that under the uncertainty condition, because people's cognition level, cognition condition and environment are different, people's decision will deviate from the logic forecast of the expected utility theory. He has tried and studied countless times to analyze the reasons for the deviation: because humans have three of the most typical heuristic biases, This includes representativeness, availability and anchoring, so that people are subject to systematic deviations when judging and making decisions. After finding out the cause, Daniel Kahneman and his partner, Amos Tversky, are eager to create something. In 1979, the two men put forward the "prospect theory", which shocked the economic circles, and used the framework of the "expected utility theory" to explain people's decision-making behavior. The results of many psychological studies, including the three heuristic biases mentioned above, are taken into account in the model to better explain and predict the decision-making process and results of people under uncertain conditions. The two professors enriched and perfected the theory of foreground theory, and put forward the principles of endowment utility, current bias and loss aversion. In 1980s, Kahneman also worked with Seler on fair exchange judgment and compensation policies. It solves the question of how people judge whether the exchange between different economic types is fair. In addition, his findings on utility and social welfare clearly reflect the difference between behavioral economics and traditional economics. In particular, his viewpoint that subjective utility can be measured has greatly touched the foundation of traditional economics. Finally, the author puts forward his own views on the significance of Professor Kahneman's thought of behavioral economics. Behavioral Economics and traditional Classics. Economics is like two branches of this tree in economics, This paper expounds and analyzes the origin, logic development, main theoretical content and significance of Daniel Kahneman's behavioral economics. It is expected that it can provide a theoretical reference for the study of domestic behavioral economics, attract more scholars to study this field and promote its development in China. At the same time, it is also expected that the subject can continue to develop and serve human society better.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：F224;F06

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張哲勛;基于前景理論的物流企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)決策研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2010年

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本文編號(hào)：1522133