本文選題：老年人 + 冬季��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市公共綠地是居民日常出行活動(dòng)的重要場(chǎng)所,且伴隨人口老齡化時(shí)代的來(lái)臨,老年人逐漸成為綠地使用的主要群體且比重不斷上升;伴隨著哈爾濱城市化的快速進(jìn)行,建設(shè)用地對(duì)綠地的侵占、快速交通對(duì)城市的分割以及新建住區(qū)綠地私有化等問(wèn)題的加劇,老年人冬季城市公共綠地可達(dá)性問(wèn)題加劇;而GIS技術(shù)在可達(dá)性領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用為綠地可達(dá)性評(píng)價(jià)提供了準(zhǔn)確有效的途徑。由此,研究目的主要包括:依據(jù)調(diào)研結(jié)果并采用SPSS,統(tǒng)計(jì)哈爾濱市主城區(qū)老年人冬季公共綠地出行方式和出行時(shí)長(zhǎng);依據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果并采用GIS技術(shù),評(píng)價(jià)哈爾濱市老年人冬季公共綠地可達(dá)性現(xiàn)狀;依據(jù)可達(dá)性分析結(jié)果,探討哈爾濱市公共綠地可達(dá)性?xún)?yōu)化方案。研究的理論意義包括:基于可達(dá)性的公共綠地系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化研究,填補(bǔ)了傳統(tǒng)傳統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)在綠地系統(tǒng)使用評(píng)價(jià)方面的不足;基于可達(dá)性的公共綠地系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化方法,緩解乃至解決了公共綠地系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的公平性和有效性問(wèn)題;基于調(diào)研統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,研究評(píng)定了冬季各類(lèi)公共綠地對(duì)老年人吸引力等級(jí)并為可達(dá)性評(píng)價(jià)提供了依據(jù)。研究的實(shí)際意義包括:得出了哈爾濱主城區(qū)冬季老年人公共綠地可達(dá)性現(xiàn)狀;提出了主城區(qū)公共綠地系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化策略和分區(qū)公共綠地系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化方案。文章結(jié)合了哈爾濱市老年人公共綠地使用現(xiàn)狀,近一步界定了公共綠地概念,使之更加符合居民日常使用狀況;此外,還探討了公共綠地可達(dá)性的影響因素,并以此為依據(jù)選擇考慮因素相對(duì)全面、評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果相對(duì)客觀的網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析法作為可達(dá)性評(píng)價(jià)方法;而哈爾濱市主城區(qū)老年人冬季公共綠地可達(dá)性分析則主要包括老年人公共綠地出行調(diào)研分析和老年人冬季公共綠地可達(dá)性評(píng)價(jià)兩部分,其中可達(dá)性評(píng)價(jià)又包括老年人冬季公共綠地步行可達(dá)性分析、老年人步行可達(dá)性對(duì)比分析、老年人公共綠地非機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)可達(dá)性分析和老年人公共綠地機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)可達(dá)性分析四部分,以求系統(tǒng)、全面的評(píng)價(jià)不同類(lèi)型公共綠地的可達(dá)性現(xiàn)狀;主城區(qū)尺度下的公共綠地優(yōu)化策略從優(yōu)化綠地空間分布、完善綠色街道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)、游憩綠網(wǎng)體系初步構(gòu)建三方面出發(fā),解決公共綠地系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的公平性和有效性問(wèn)題,并在優(yōu)化策略可達(dá)性分析結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,以可達(dá)性問(wèn)題突出的城區(qū)為例探討了分區(qū)綠地可達(dá)性?xún)?yōu)化方案并同分區(qū)可達(dá)性現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。論文主要研究方法包括調(diào)研分析法、網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析法和典型案例研究法。研究結(jié)果表明:哈爾濱市主城區(qū)老年人冬季公共綠地出行方式單一且以步行為主、出行時(shí)長(zhǎng)明顯短于夏季,平均縮短5min左右;老年人冬季公共綠地步行可達(dá)性服務(wù)面積比僅為52.64%——可達(dá)性問(wèn)題突出,其中松北區(qū)、呼蘭區(qū)、平房區(qū)公共綠地步行可達(dá)性差且服務(wù)面積比均低于40%,松花江以南其它區(qū)域雖可達(dá)性較好,但也存在散布的可達(dá)性水平低的居住區(qū)斑塊;夏季綠地步行可達(dá)性服務(wù)面積比冬季高8.44%——冬夏綠地步行可達(dá)性差異明顯;此外,各類(lèi)公園綠地也存在一定的可達(dá)性問(wèn)題,其中帶狀公園綠地、社區(qū)公園綠地、廣場(chǎng)綠地可達(dá)性問(wèn)題較為突出,而綜合公園綠地、專(zhuān)類(lèi)公園綠地可達(dá)性較好。哈爾濱市城市公共綠地分布不合理是導(dǎo)致可達(dá)性問(wèn)題突出的最主要原因,城市快速交通系統(tǒng)也極大的影響了慢行交通系統(tǒng)的連通性和有效性。結(jié)合城市環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀、在可達(dá)性分析結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,筆者從公共綠地布局優(yōu)化、綠色道路交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)完善、游憩綠網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建三方面提出了主城區(qū)綠地系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化策略;在優(yōu)化策略可達(dá)性分析結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇存在可達(dá)性問(wèn)題相對(duì)典型的一個(gè)分區(qū),從分區(qū)網(wǎng)路結(jié)構(gòu)完善、分區(qū)綠地布局優(yōu)化和分區(qū)游憩綠網(wǎng)完善三方面提出了區(qū)域可達(dá)性?xún)?yōu)化方案;最終,研究還對(duì)分區(qū)公共綠地優(yōu)化方案進(jìn)行了可達(dá)性分析,優(yōu)化后綠地服務(wù)面積比明顯提升且基本滿(mǎn)足居民對(duì)公共綠地可達(dá)性的需求。
[Abstract]:Urban public green space is an important place for daily travel activities of the residents, and with the coming of the age of population aging, the elderly gradually become the main group of green space use, and the proportion is rising constantly. With the rapid urbanization of Harbin, the construction land is occupied by the green space, the rapid transportation to the city and the new residential green space. The problem of privatization is intensifying, and the accessibility of urban public green space is aggravated by the elderly in winter, and the application of GIS technology in accessibility provides an accurate and effective way to evaluate the accessibility of green space. Therefore, the purpose of this study mainly includes: according to the results of investigation and the use of SPSS, the public green space of the elderly in the main urban area of Harbin city is counted. According to the results of statistical analysis and GIS technology, the accessibility of public green space in Harbin was evaluated. According to the results of accessibility analysis, the optimization scheme of accessibility of public green space in Harbin was discussed. The theoretical significance of the study included the optimization of public green space system based on accessibility. The traditional evaluation index is insufficient in the use of green space system, and the public green space system optimization method based on accessibility alleviated even the fairness and effectiveness of the public green space system service. Based on the survey and statistical results, the study evaluated the attractiveness grade of various public green spaces to the elderly in winter and evaluated the accessibility. The practical significance of the study includes the status of accessibility of public green space for the elderly in the main city of Harbin, the optimization strategy of public green space system in the main city and the optimization scheme of the partitioned public green space system. The article combines the present situation of the public green land use of the elderly in Harbin, and defines the public green space nearly one step. In addition, the influence factors of accessibility of public green space are discussed, and the network analysis method, which is relatively comprehensive and objective, is selected as the accessibility evaluation method, and the accessibility analysis of the public green space in the main urban area of Harbin is mainly based on this. There are two parts of public green space travel investigation and analysis of elderly people and public green space accessibility evaluation of old people in winter. The accessibility evaluation includes the walking accessibility analysis of the old people's public green space, the comparative analysis of the walking accessibility of the elderly, the accessibility analysis of the non motor vehicles in the public green space of the elderly and the motor vehicle in the public green space of the elderly The four part of accessibility analysis, in order to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the accessibility of different types of public green space; the optimization strategy of public green space under the main city scale is to optimize the spatial distribution of green space, improve the green street traffic network, and establish the preliminary construction of the recreational green network system in three aspects, to solve the fairness and effectiveness of the public green space system service. On the basis of the results of the optimization of the accessibility analysis, the optimal scheme for the accessibility of the green space is discussed, and the comparative analysis of the accessibility with the zoning is made. The main research methods of this paper include the investigation and analysis method, the network analysis method and the typical case study. The old people's winter public green space in the main urban area of Harbin city is single and walking mainly, the time of travel is shorter than that in summer, the average shorter than 5min, and the walking accessibility area of the public green space in the old people is only 52.64% - the accessibility problem is prominent, among which Songbei, Hulan district and the public green space in the bungalow area are walking accessibility The area ratio of service area is less than 40%, although the accessibility of other areas in the south of Songhua River is better, but there are also scattered residential patches with low accessibility level. In summer, the accessibility service area of green space is 8.44% higher than that in winter, and the walking accessibility of green space in winter and summer is obvious. Among them, the accessibility of the belt park green space, the community park green space, the square green space is more outstanding, and the comprehensive park green space, the special park green space reachability is good. The distribution of public green space in Harbin city is the most important reason that leads to the outstanding problem of accessibility, and the urban fast traffic system also greatly affects the slow traffic system. On the basis of the present situation of urban environment and the results of accessibility analysis, the author puts forward the optimization strategy of green space system in the main city area from three aspects: the optimization of the layout of public green space, the improvement of green road traffic network and the construction of the recreational green network system. On the basis of the optimization of the results of the accessibility analysis, the author chooses the accessibility. Relative to a typical partition, the regional accessibility optimization scheme is proposed from three aspects: the structure of the zoning network, the optimization of the green space distribution and the improvement of the green net of the zoning. Finally, the reachability analysis is carried out on the optimization scheme of the partitioned public green space. The ratio of the green area to the green area is obviously improved and the residents are basically satisfied. The demand for accessibility of public green space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU985.12

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