【摘要】：中國是一個發(fā)展中的農(nóng)業(yè)大國，其總?cè)丝诤驮谛W(xué)生數(shù)的70%左右在農(nóng)村，這一現(xiàn)狀將農(nóng)村教育尤其是發(fā)展農(nóng)村職業(yè)教育推上了歷史前沿。農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育業(yè)是促進我國農(nóng)村社會全面發(fā)展，建設(shè)社會主義新農(nóng)村重要保障。而農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育作為提高勞動者技能和改善勞動者素質(zhì)的重要手段，在促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，推進城市化進程，實現(xiàn)再就業(yè)和人力資源的優(yōu)化與升級等方面都有著重要作用。當前，“三農(nóng)”問題始終是我國經(jīng)濟和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的根本問題。過去農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育為我國農(nóng)業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展做出了不可磨滅的貢獻，近年來卻舉步維艱，，出現(xiàn)招生困難和運轉(zhuǎn)受阻等諸多現(xiàn)實問題，已經(jīng)引起專家學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注，紛紛發(fā)表意見和看法。對已有研究所提出的對策大致歸納為：建立實習(xí)工廠、區(qū)域性產(chǎn)教結(jié)合，改革傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)模式等，這些探討大多是對影響農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的某一具體問題進行研究，系統(tǒng)的闡述較少。 本文以黑龍江省牡丹江市農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育為例，對我市農(nóng)村職業(yè)教育的改革與發(fā)展的總體狀況進行了研究和探索。作者在深入調(diào)查研究牡丹江市農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，指出了當前我市農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育存在的主要問題和不足之處，這些問題和不足之處突出地表現(xiàn)在：招生人數(shù)下跌、農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)學(xué)校出現(xiàn)了招生難；經(jīng)費投入不足，辦學(xué)條件差，教學(xué)質(zhì)量不高；結(jié)構(gòu)布局不合理，區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡；在專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)及課程設(shè)置上不適應(yīng)新時期農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要；培養(yǎng)目標定位不合理，教學(xué)內(nèi)容陳舊，教學(xué)形式單一，教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)脫離農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)實際，為農(nóng)村服務(wù)能力不強；農(nóng)村職校教育機制不靈活，面向社會辦學(xué)力度不大，辦學(xué)效益不高，辦學(xué)活力不強。本文從上述現(xiàn)象入手，結(jié)合牡丹江市農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育的主要問題和現(xiàn)實狀況，作者根據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、市場經(jīng)濟和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟建設(shè)對人才的需求，運用相關(guān)的概念界定及基礎(chǔ)理論，采用調(diào)查法、經(jīng)驗總結(jié)法、文獻檢索法和實證分析法等研究方法，通過總結(jié)國內(nèi)外發(fā)展農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育的歷史經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)，分析了阻礙我國農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育發(fā)展的社會原因和內(nèi)部原因，并從進一步提高對農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育重要性和緊迫性的認識、采取因地制宜、分區(qū)發(fā)展、合理配置職教資源和優(yōu)化布局結(jié)構(gòu)、搞好專業(yè)建設(shè)、確立具有針對性、適應(yīng)性的教學(xué)目標體系、改變單一的教學(xué)模式、改革課程模式、靈活教學(xué)管理方式、加強職業(yè)指導(dǎo)、加強“雙師型”職教師資隊伍建設(shè)、加強實習(xí)基地建設(shè)、強化為農(nóng)村服務(wù)、大力開展各種培訓(xùn)和加強職業(yè)指導(dǎo)等方面提出了進一步改革與發(fā)展農(nóng)村中等職業(yè)教育的措施和對策。
[Abstract]:China is a developing agricultural country, its total population and about 70% of the number of students in school in rural areas, this situation has pushed rural education, especially the development of rural vocational education to the forefront of history. Rural secondary vocational education is an important guarantee to promote the all-round development of rural society and build a new socialist countryside. As an important means to improve the skills and quality of workers, rural secondary vocational education plays an important role in promoting economic development, promoting the process of urbanization, realizing re-employment and the optimization and upgrading of human resources. At present, the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has always been the fundamental problem of China's economy and modernization. In the past, secondary vocational education in rural areas has made indelible contributions to the sustainable development of agriculture in China, but in recent years, many practical problems, such as difficulties in enrollment and obstruction of operation, have attracted extensive attention of experts and scholars and expressed their opinions and views. The countermeasures put forward by the existing research institutes are summarized as follows: the establishment of practice factory, the combination of regional production and education, the reform of traditional teaching mode and so on. Most of these discussions are to study a specific problem that affects the development of rural secondary vocational education, and the systematic exposition is less. Taking the rural secondary vocational education in Mudanjiang City of Heilongjiang Province as an example, this paper studies and explores the overall situation of the reform and development of rural vocational education in our city. On the basis of in-depth investigation and study on the present situation of rural secondary vocational education in Mudanjiang City, the author points out the main problems and shortcomings of rural secondary vocational education in our city at present. These problems and shortcomings are manifested in the decline of enrollment, the difficulty of enrollment in rural secondary vocational schools, the shortage of funds, the poor conditions of running schools, the low quality of teaching, the unreasonable structure and the imbalance of regional development. The professional structure and curriculum are not suitable for the development of rural economy in the new period; the orientation of training goal is unreasonable, the teaching content is old, the teaching form is single, the teaching link is divorced from the reality of agricultural production, and the ability to serve the countryside is not strong; the educational mechanism of rural vocational school is not flexible, the strength of running a school facing the society is not great, the efficiency of running a school is not high, and the vitality of running a school is not strong. Starting from the above phenomena, combined with the main problems and reality of rural secondary vocational education in Mudanjiang City, according to the adjustment of industrial structure, the demand for talents in market economy and rural economic construction, the author uses the relevant concept definition and basic theory, adopts the methods of investigation, experience summary, literature retrieval and empirical analysis, etc. By summing up the historical experience and lessons of developing rural secondary vocational education at home and abroad, this paper analyzes on the social and internal reasons hindering the development of rural secondary vocational education in China, and from further improving the understanding of the importance and urgency of rural secondary vocational education, adopts measures adapted to local conditions, regional development, rational allocation of vocational education resources and optimization of layout structure, doing a good job in professional construction, and establishing pertinence. Adaptive teaching target system, changing single teaching mode, reforming curriculum mode, flexible teaching management mode, strengthening vocational guidance, strengthening the construction of "double-qualified" vocational education teachers, strengthening the construction of practice base, strengthening service for rural areas, vigorously carrying out various training and strengthening vocational guidance, this paper puts forward some measures and countermeasures for further reforming and developing rural secondary vocational education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G719.2

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