本文選題：高原訓(xùn)練　切入點：低氧訓(xùn)練　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：競技體育隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展和訓(xùn)練手段方法的不斷革新,運動記錄不斷杯打破,競爭變得異常激烈,高原訓(xùn)練也就被慢慢發(fā)現(xiàn)。20世紀(jì)60年代,非洲中長跑運動員的突起和墨西哥奧運會的成功舉辦,使人們逐漸認(rèn)識到運動成績在很大程度上受高原生活和訓(xùn)練的影響,隨之世界范圍內(nèi)開始廣泛關(guān)注和開展高原訓(xùn)練。經(jīng)歷半個多世紀(jì)的奮斗,高原訓(xùn)練的面紗逐漸被解開,在實踐和理論方面都去得了巨大的進步,與此同時也發(fā)掘出許多爭議問題和基本規(guī)律,如可開展高原訓(xùn)練的項目、不同高原訓(xùn)練方法的選擇、高原訓(xùn)練的負(fù)荷和時間問題等。面對這些爭議和問題,許多學(xué)者和教練做了無數(shù)研究和實踐探索,但是大多數(shù)都是實驗性研究,極少數(shù)從宏觀角度對高原訓(xùn)練得發(fā)展歷程和規(guī)律做總結(jié)性概述,更沒有文章對近20年高原訓(xùn)練的研究進展進行研究。因此,本文將在前人研究和梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,客觀、深入地分析20年間高原訓(xùn)練的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,對高原訓(xùn)練形成客觀的、系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)知,豐富其理論,為后人的研究和實踐提供一定的借鑒。本文對中國學(xué)術(shù)網(wǎng)(CNKI)和Web of Science數(shù)據(jù)庫所收錄的1995——2015年高原(低氧)訓(xùn)練相關(guān)研究文獻資料進行梳理和分析,對近20年高原訓(xùn)練的文獻進行系統(tǒng)的綜述,對20年高原訓(xùn)練的發(fā)展做出階段劃分,并歸納高原訓(xùn)練得發(fā)展熱點和爭議問題,分析高原訓(xùn)練未來的發(fā)展動態(tài)。通過總結(jié)分析得出一下結(jié)論:1、近20年的高原訓(xùn)練文獻數(shù)量呈現(xiàn)倒V型趨勢;高原訓(xùn)練國內(nèi)外的主要聚集地在大學(xué)和高原科研機構(gòu);歐洲和美國等發(fā)達國家是國外高原訓(xùn)練的主力軍,中國是國際高原訓(xùn)練研究領(lǐng)域非常重要的力量;高原訓(xùn)練雖然已經(jīng)逐漸蔓延到幾乎所有奧運會項目,但是主要還是耐力性項目。2、高原訓(xùn)練的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了以下4個階段:高原訓(xùn)練的第一次高潮階段(20世紀(jì)60年代初),百家爭鳴階段(20世紀(jì)70-80年代中期),快速發(fā)展階段(20世紀(jì)80年代末-21世紀(jì)),成熟階段(21世紀(jì))。3、目前國際高原訓(xùn)練的研究熱點主要是:高原訓(xùn)練生理生化指標(biāo)的研究,并逐漸向宏觀和微觀兩方面發(fā)展、高原訓(xùn)練得最適海拔高度、高原訓(xùn)練的時間、比賽時間的間隔、高原訓(xùn)練的負(fù)荷、不同高原訓(xùn)練方式的比較。研究廣度小,很少見到多角度交叉學(xué)科對高原訓(xùn)練進行研究分析的。今后高原訓(xùn)練將更加重視科研保障體系的建立,向無氧供能項目、訓(xùn)練負(fù)荷的量化方向發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the society and the innovation of training methods, sports records are constantly broken, competition becomes extremely fierce, and plateau training is slowly discovered in 60s of the 20th century. The protuberance of African middle and long distance runners and the successful hosting of the Mexican Olympic Games have made people realize that sports achievements are largely influenced by plateau life and training. Then the world began to pay more attention to and carry out plateau training. After more than half a century of struggle, the veil of plateau training was gradually untied, and great progress was made in practice and theory. At the same time, many controversial issues and basic laws have also been discovered, such as the items that can be developed for plateau training, the choice of different plateau training methods, the load and time of plateau training, etc. In the face of these disputes and problems, Many scholars and coaches have made numerous researches and practical explorations, but most of them are experimental studies, and very few summarize the development process and law of plateau training from a macro perspective. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies and combing, this paper will objectively and deeply analyze the development status of plateau training in the past 20 years, and form an objective approach to plateau training. The systematic cognition, enriches its theory, provides the certain reference for the later generations research and the practice. This paper combs and analyzes the related research literature of the altitude (hypoxia) training from 1995 to 2015, which is included in the database of China academic Network (CNKI) and Web of Science. This paper makes a systematic review of the literature on plateau training in the past 20 years, classifies the stages of the development of plateau training in 20 years, and sums up the hot and controversial issues in the development of plateau training. The development trend of plateau training in the future is analyzed. By summarizing and analyzing, the conclusion is drawn that the number of plateau training literature in recent 20 years shows a trend of inverted V shape, and the main gathering places of plateau training at home and abroad are universities and plateau scientific research institutions. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States are the main force in plateau training abroad, and China is a very important force in the field of international plateau training research. Although plateau training has gradually spread to almost all Olympic events, However, the development of plateau training has gone through the following four stages: the first high tide stage of plateau training in the early 60s of the 20th century, the hundred schools of thought stage in the mid-1970s and 1980s, and the rapid development stage. From the end of 80s to the 21st century in the 20th century, and from the mature stage to the 21st century, the current research focus of international plateau training is mainly the study of physiological and biochemical indexes of plateau training. And gradually developed to macro and micro aspects, plateau training to achieve the most suitable altitude, plateau training time, competition time interval, plateau training load, the comparison of different plateau training methods. In the future, plateau training will pay more attention to the establishment of scientific research guarantee system and develop towards the project of anaerobic energy supply and the quantification of training load.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G808.1

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