【摘要】：我國(guó)城市化建設(shè)進(jìn)程發(fā)展迅速,密集建筑樓群不斷涌現(xiàn),動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)在建筑施工中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。隨著動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)向大起升高度和大起重量方向的不斷發(fā)展,在滿足結(jié)構(gòu)靜態(tài)強(qiáng)度、剛度及穩(wěn)定性要求的同時(shí),對(duì)塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)特性研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。論文以JCD260動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,建立了塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)參數(shù)化有限元模型,對(duì)其靜態(tài)性能和在脈動(dòng)風(fēng)載荷作用下的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了分析,研究了結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性并進(jìn)行了動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。利用ANSYS軟件對(duì)動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)進(jìn)行靜剛度、強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算,結(jié)果表明塔機(jī)靜剛度、各構(gòu)件的強(qiáng)度和受壓桿件的穩(wěn)定性均滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求�；趧�(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)分析法對(duì)動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)進(jìn)行風(fēng)振特性研究。運(yùn)用AR模型法并采用Davenport脈動(dòng)風(fēng)速譜在MATLAB軟件中模擬了塔機(jī)脈動(dòng)風(fēng)速時(shí)程,結(jié)果顯示脈動(dòng)風(fēng)速時(shí)程的模擬功率譜與目標(biāo)功率譜吻合較好,表明模擬的脈動(dòng)風(fēng)速合理有效。運(yùn)用ANSYS軟件對(duì)動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,得到結(jié)構(gòu)前八階固有頻率和振型。采用瞬態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)分析方法對(duì)動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)在脈動(dòng)風(fēng)載荷作用下的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行研究,與靜態(tài)分析結(jié)果對(duì)比表明,考慮風(fēng)載荷的脈動(dòng)效應(yīng)后,結(jié)構(gòu)沿風(fēng)向的振幅明顯增大,計(jì)算結(jié)果偏于不安全;脈動(dòng)風(fēng)載荷在初始時(shí)刻作用在塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于偶然沖擊載荷,結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大應(yīng)力響應(yīng),在塔身根部主肢和起重臂第四、第五節(jié)臂架連接處出現(xiàn)了瞬時(shí)異常高的應(yīng)力值,結(jié)構(gòu)可能發(fā)生失穩(wěn)破壞。因此,在塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)過程中需要考慮風(fēng)載荷的脈動(dòng)效應(yīng)且有必要進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化。采用ANSYS軟件對(duì)動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行諧響應(yīng)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的第二階固有頻率對(duì)其動(dòng)態(tài)性能影響最大;確定物品突然離地起升工況為結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)計(jì)算工況,對(duì)塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行動(dòng)力響應(yīng)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)位移響應(yīng)的最大幅值較大,結(jié)構(gòu)各部件均有較大幅度的振動(dòng)。為使動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)具有良好的靜、動(dòng)態(tài)性能和較輕的重量,將結(jié)構(gòu)自重W和第2階模態(tài)頻率f2作為動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化的目標(biāo),將結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)應(yīng)力、動(dòng)位移作為動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化的狀態(tài)變量。利用ISIGHT軟件中的試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)方法對(duì)動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行靈敏度分析,確定了動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化的主要設(shè)計(jì)變量。為提升動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化的速度,構(gòu)建了響應(yīng)面近似模型,其誤差在可控范圍之內(nèi),可用來替代塔機(jī)的有限元模型。最后,采用多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化算法NSGA-II算法進(jìn)行動(dòng)臂式塔機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),優(yōu)化后的結(jié)果表明結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)自重減輕,靜、動(dòng)態(tài)性能得到提高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China and the emergence of dense building groups, moving arm tower crane plays an important role in construction. With the continuous development of moving arm tower crane in the direction of large lifting height and large lifting weight, it is of great practical significance to study the dynamic characteristics of tower crane structure while meeting the requirements of static strength, stiffness and stability of the structure. In this paper, taking JCD260 moving arm tower crane as the research object, the parametric finite element model of tower crane structure system is established, its static performance and dynamic response under fluctuating wind load are analyzed, the dynamic characteristics of the structure system are studied and the dynamic optimization design is carried out. The static stiffness, strength and stability of the moving arm tower crane are calculated by ANSYS software. The results show that the static stiffness of the tower crane, the strength of each component and the stability of the compressed members meet the design requirements. Based on the dynamic response analysis method, the wind-induced vibration characteristics of moving arm tower crane are studied. The fluctuating wind speed time history of tower crane is simulated by AR model method and Davenport fluctuating wind velocity spectrum in MATLAB software. The results show that the simulated power spectrum of fluctuating wind speed history is in good agreement with the target power spectrum, which indicates that the simulated fluctuating wind speed is reasonable and effective. The modal analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure is carried out by using ANSYS software, and the first eight natural frequencies and vibration modes of the structure are obtained. The dynamic response of moving arm tower crane under fluctuating wind load is studied by transient dynamic analysis method. Compared with the static analysis results, the amplitude of the structure along the wind direction increases obviously after considering the fluctuating effect of wind load, and the calculated results are unsafe. The fluctuating wind load acts on the tower crane structure at the initial time, which is equivalent to the accidental impact load, and the structure will produce a large stress response. at the fourth and fifth arm joint of the main limb and lifting arm of the tower body, the instantaneous abnormal stress value appears, and the structure may be unstable and destroyed. Therefore, the fluctuating effect of wind load should be considered and dynamic optimization should be carried out in the process of wind resistance design of tower crane structure. The harmonic response analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure is carried out by using ANSYS software, and it is found that the second natural frequency of the tower crane structure has the greatest influence on its dynamic performance. It is determined that the sudden lifting condition of the item is the dynamic calculation condition of the structure, and the dynamic response analysis of the tower crane structure shows that the maximum amplitude of the dynamic displacement response of the structure is large, and each part of the structure has a large amplitude vibration. In order to make the structural system of moving arm tower crane have good static, dynamic performance and light weight, the self weight W and the second modal frequency f 2 of the structure are taken as the objectives of dynamic optimization, and the dynamic stress and dynamic displacement of the structure are taken as the state variables of dynamic optimization. The sensitivity analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure system is carried out by using the experimental design method in ISIGHT software, and the main design variables of dynamic optimization are determined. In order to improve the speed of dynamic optimization, the approximate model of response surface is constructed, and its error is within the controllable range, which can be used to replace the finite element model of tower crane. Finally, the dynamic optimization design of the moving arm tower crane structure system is carried out by using the multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA-II algorithm. The optimized results show that the self-weight of the structure system is reduced, and the static and dynamic performance of the structure system is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU61

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本文編號(hào)：2506953