【摘要】：我國城市化建設(shè)進程發(fā)展迅速,密集建筑樓群不斷涌現(xiàn),動臂式塔機在建筑施工中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。隨著動臂式塔機向大起升高度和大起重量方向的不斷發(fā)展,在滿足結(jié)構(gòu)靜態(tài)強度、剛度及穩(wěn)定性要求的同時,對塔機結(jié)構(gòu)進行動態(tài)特性研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。論文以JCD260動臂式塔機為研究對象,建立了塔機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)參數(shù)化有限元模型,對其靜態(tài)性能和在脈動風載荷作用下的動態(tài)響應(yīng)進行了分析,研究了結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性并進行了動態(tài)優(yōu)化設(shè)計。利用ANSYS軟件對動臂式塔機進行靜剛度、強度和穩(wěn)定性計算,結(jié)果表明塔機靜剛度、各構(gòu)件的強度和受壓桿件的穩(wěn)定性均滿足設(shè)計要求�；趧討B(tài)響應(yīng)分析法對動臂式塔機進行風振特性研究。運用AR模型法并采用Davenport脈動風速譜在MATLAB軟件中模擬了塔機脈動風速時程,結(jié)果顯示脈動風速時程的模擬功率譜與目標功率譜吻合較好,表明模擬的脈動風速合理有效。運用ANSYS軟件對動臂式塔機結(jié)構(gòu)進行模態(tài)分析,得到結(jié)構(gòu)前八階固有頻率和振型。采用瞬態(tài)動力學(xué)分析方法對動臂式塔機在脈動風載荷作用下的動態(tài)響應(yīng)進行研究,與靜態(tài)分析結(jié)果對比表明,考慮風載荷的脈動效應(yīng)后,結(jié)構(gòu)沿風向的振幅明顯增大,計算結(jié)果偏于不安全;脈動風載荷在初始時刻作用在塔機結(jié)構(gòu)上相當于偶然沖擊載荷,結(jié)構(gòu)會產(chǎn)生較大應(yīng)力響應(yīng),在塔身根部主肢和起重臂第四、第五節(jié)臂架連接處出現(xiàn)了瞬時異常高的應(yīng)力值,結(jié)構(gòu)可能發(fā)生失穩(wěn)破壞。因此,在塔機結(jié)構(gòu)抗風設(shè)計過程中需要考慮風載荷的脈動效應(yīng)且有必要進行動態(tài)優(yōu)化。采用ANSYS軟件對動臂式塔機結(jié)構(gòu)進行諧響應(yīng)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)塔機結(jié)構(gòu)的第二階固有頻率對其動態(tài)性能影響最大;確定物品突然離地起升工況為結(jié)構(gòu)動態(tài)計算工況,對塔機結(jié)構(gòu)進行動力響應(yīng)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)動位移響應(yīng)的最大幅值較大,結(jié)構(gòu)各部件均有較大幅度的振動。為使動臂式塔機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)具有良好的靜、動態(tài)性能和較輕的重量,將結(jié)構(gòu)自重W和第2階模態(tài)頻率f2作為動態(tài)優(yōu)化的目標,將結(jié)構(gòu)動應(yīng)力、動位移作為動態(tài)優(yōu)化的狀態(tài)變量。利用ISIGHT軟件中的試驗設(shè)計方法對動臂式塔機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進行靈敏度分析,確定了動態(tài)優(yōu)化的主要設(shè)計變量。為提升動態(tài)優(yōu)化的速度,構(gòu)建了響應(yīng)面近似模型,其誤差在可控范圍之內(nèi),可用來替代塔機的有限元模型。最后,采用多目標優(yōu)化算法NSGA-II算法進行動臂式塔機結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)優(yōu)化設(shè)計,優(yōu)化后的結(jié)果表明結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)自重減輕,靜、動態(tài)性能得到提高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China and the emergence of dense building groups, moving arm tower crane plays an important role in construction. With the continuous development of moving arm tower crane in the direction of large lifting height and large lifting weight, it is of great practical significance to study the dynamic characteristics of tower crane structure while meeting the requirements of static strength, stiffness and stability of the structure. In this paper, taking JCD260 moving arm tower crane as the research object, the parametric finite element model of tower crane structure system is established, its static performance and dynamic response under fluctuating wind load are analyzed, the dynamic characteristics of the structure system are studied and the dynamic optimization design is carried out. The static stiffness, strength and stability of the moving arm tower crane are calculated by ANSYS software. The results show that the static stiffness of the tower crane, the strength of each component and the stability of the compressed members meet the design requirements. Based on the dynamic response analysis method, the wind-induced vibration characteristics of moving arm tower crane are studied. The fluctuating wind speed time history of tower crane is simulated by AR model method and Davenport fluctuating wind velocity spectrum in MATLAB software. The results show that the simulated power spectrum of fluctuating wind speed history is in good agreement with the target power spectrum, which indicates that the simulated fluctuating wind speed is reasonable and effective. The modal analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure is carried out by using ANSYS software, and the first eight natural frequencies and vibration modes of the structure are obtained. The dynamic response of moving arm tower crane under fluctuating wind load is studied by transient dynamic analysis method. Compared with the static analysis results, the amplitude of the structure along the wind direction increases obviously after considering the fluctuating effect of wind load, and the calculated results are unsafe. The fluctuating wind load acts on the tower crane structure at the initial time, which is equivalent to the accidental impact load, and the structure will produce a large stress response. at the fourth and fifth arm joint of the main limb and lifting arm of the tower body, the instantaneous abnormal stress value appears, and the structure may be unstable and destroyed. Therefore, the fluctuating effect of wind load should be considered and dynamic optimization should be carried out in the process of wind resistance design of tower crane structure. The harmonic response analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure is carried out by using ANSYS software, and it is found that the second natural frequency of the tower crane structure has the greatest influence on its dynamic performance. It is determined that the sudden lifting condition of the item is the dynamic calculation condition of the structure, and the dynamic response analysis of the tower crane structure shows that the maximum amplitude of the dynamic displacement response of the structure is large, and each part of the structure has a large amplitude vibration. In order to make the structural system of moving arm tower crane have good static, dynamic performance and light weight, the self weight W and the second modal frequency f 2 of the structure are taken as the objectives of dynamic optimization, and the dynamic stress and dynamic displacement of the structure are taken as the state variables of dynamic optimization. The sensitivity analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure system is carried out by using the experimental design method in ISIGHT software, and the main design variables of dynamic optimization are determined. In order to improve the speed of dynamic optimization, the approximate model of response surface is constructed, and its error is within the controllable range, which can be used to replace the finite element model of tower crane. Finally, the dynamic optimization design of the moving arm tower crane structure system is carried out by using the multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA-II algorithm. The optimized results show that the self-weight of the structure system is reduced, and the static and dynamic performance of the structure system is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU61

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