成都市不透水面時空變化與城市生態(tài)環(huán)境關(guān)系研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-10 06:48
【摘要】：由水泥、金屬、瀝青等材質(zhì)構(gòu)成的諸如建筑、道路等阻止水直接滲透的地表面即為不透水面,它在衡量城市化進程、生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測、土地利用格局變化等國家基礎地理國情監(jiān)測方面具有重要意義。隨著社會綜合生產(chǎn)力快速發(fā)展,城市化進程不斷加快,大量農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)換為建設用地,不透水面急速擴張。本文以西部城市化建設代表之一的成都市為研究區(qū)域,以衛(wèi)星遙感影像Landsat TM/OLI數(shù)據(jù)為關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)源,采用線性光譜混合分解模型及大氣校正法提取不透水面信息及地表溫度反演。在此基礎上通過統(tǒng)計分析、空間分析、緩沖區(qū)分析、相關(guān)性分析等對研究區(qū)不透水面時空變化特征以及與城市地表溫度、水環(huán)境的關(guān)系進行研究,并為城市發(fā)展建設規(guī)劃提出建議。本文主要研究成果如下:(1)基于多光譜波段,經(jīng)過幾何校正、輻射定標、大氣校正、區(qū)域裁剪等影像預處理,通過最小噪聲分離法(MNF)及純凈像元計算(PPI)選取高/低反射率不透水面、植被及土壤四類端元,采用線性光譜混合分解模型(LSMM)對影像進行混合像元分解,并通過歸一化植被指數(shù)(NDVI)與水體指數(shù)(NDWI)建立掩膜文件進行植被、水體等噪聲處理,最終得到研究區(qū)不透水面覆蓋度提取圖像。RMS分量統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示,均方差值均小于0.01;與高分辨率影像人工交互方式進行驗證,總精度均在80%以上;驗證了不透水面提取結(jié)果精度較高。(2)基于熱紅外波段,采用大氣校正法對研究區(qū)地表溫度進行反演,并結(jié)合氣象臺發(fā)布的氣溫數(shù)據(jù)對地表溫度閾值進行驗證,得到有實用價值的研究區(qū)地表溫度分布圖像。(3)對研究區(qū)2006年-2015年不透水面覆蓋度圖像進行了統(tǒng)計分析與空間分析,得到研究區(qū)不透水面時空變化特征:成都市區(qū)從2006年—2015年期間,不透水面持續(xù)增長,近幾年的增長速率更快;時至2015年不透水面的覆蓋度已高達70.51%;成都市區(qū)不透水面分布具有從中心向外側(cè)呈放射形環(huán)狀分布的特點;各轄區(qū)不透水面覆蓋度按照武侯區(qū)、青羊區(qū)、金牛區(qū)、錦江區(qū)、高新區(qū)、成華區(qū)的次序遞減;不透水面擴張速度呈現(xiàn)出中心城區(qū)為主、西南及西北次之、南部較快增長的特征。(4)采用緩沖區(qū)分析、回歸模型對不透水面覆蓋度與地表反演溫度進行定量相關(guān)性分析,得到不透水面與城市地表溫度的關(guān)系:二者具有較強線性正相關(guān)性,相關(guān)系數(shù)均大于0.7,城市不透水面與城市生態(tài)環(huán)境變化之間具有較強關(guān)聯(lián)性。(5)通過綜合分析不透水面、地表溫度、水體分布等特征,提出減緩城市熱島效應、避免城市內(nèi)澇災害、建設宜居宜發(fā)展的城市規(guī)劃方案的建議:高不透水面覆蓋度區(qū)域通過增加綠化建設等措施降低不透水面覆蓋度;調(diào)整城市建設方案,科學設計、合理搭配綠化設施與建構(gòu)筑物;調(diào)整城市空間發(fā)展格局,向不透水面覆蓋度較低的區(qū)域進行產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)移,預留足夠的主城區(qū)綠化空間;進行湖泊、濕地等開發(fā)保護,提高城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中自凈、自控、自我調(diào)整功能。
[Abstract]:The surface of ground, such as building, road, etc., which is made of cement, metal, asphalt and other materials, is the water-proof surface. It is of great significance in measuring the national conditions of the national conditions such as the process of urbanization, the ecological environment monitoring and the change of land-use pattern. With the rapid development of the social comprehensive productivity, the process of urbanization is accelerating, and a large amount of agricultural land is converted into the construction land, and the water-impermeable surface is rapidly expanded. In this paper, by using the Landsat TM/ OLI data of the satellite remote sensing image as the key data source, the paper takes the Landsat TM/ OLI data of the western urbanization construction as the key data source, and uses the linear spectrum hybrid decomposition model and the atmospheric correction method to extract the water-impermeable surface information and the surface temperature inversion. On this basis, the spatial and temporal changes of the water-impermeable surface of the study area and the relationship with the urban surface temperature and the water environment are studied by statistical analysis, spatial analysis, buffer analysis and correlation analysis, and suggestions for urban development and construction planning are put forward. The main research results are as follows: (1) Based on the multi-spectral band, the high/ low reflectivity water-proof surface is selected by means of the minimum noise separation method (MNF) and the pure image element calculation (PPI) after the image preprocessing such as the geometric correction, the radiation calibration, the atmospheric correction, the region cutting, and the like, the vegetation and the soil are divided into four types of terminal elements, the image is mixed and decomposed by a linear spectral hybrid decomposition model (LSMM), and a mask file is established by a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and a water body index (NDWI) to perform noise treatment on the vegetation and the water body, And finally, the water-impermeable surface coverage of the research area is obtained to extract the image. The results of RMS component statistics show that the mean square difference is less than 0.01, and it is verified with the high-resolution image, and the total accuracy is above 80%; and the accuracy of the water-impermeable surface extraction is verified. (2) Based on the thermal infrared band, the surface temperature of the study area is inverted by the atmospheric correction method, and the surface temperature threshold value is verified by the air temperature data issued by the weather station, so that the surface temperature distribution image of the research area with practical value is obtained. (3) Statistical analysis and spatial analysis of the water-impermeable surface coverage images in the study area from 2006 to 2015 were carried out to obtain the characteristics of the time-and-space change of the water-impermeable surface of the study area: the continuous growth of the water-impermeable surface during the period from 2006 to 2015 in the urban area of Chengdu, and the growth rate in recent years is faster; The coverage of the water-impermeable surface is as high as 70.51% in 2015; the distribution of the water-impermeable surface in Chengdu has the characteristics of radial distribution from the center to the outside; the coverage of the water-impermeable surface in each district is decreasing according to the order of Wuhou District, Qingyang District, Jinniu District, Jinjiang District, High-tech Zone and Chenghua District; The velocity of water-impermeable surface expansion is the characteristic of the central urban area, the second in the southwest and the northwest, and the rapid growth in the south. and (4) carrying out quantitative correlation analysis on the water-impermeable surface coverage and the surface inversion temperature by using a buffer analysis and a regression model to obtain the relation between the water-impermeable surface and the surface temperature of the city: the two have strong linear positive correlation, the correlation coefficient is more than 0.7, There is a strong correlation between the urban water-impermeable surface and the change of the urban ecological environment. (5) By comprehensively analyzing the characteristics of the water-proof surface, the surface temperature and the water body distribution, the effects of the urban heat island are put forward, and the proposal of the urban planning scheme for the development of the urban water-logging disaster and the construction of the better-living environment is proposed. the coverage area of the high water-impermeable surface is reduced by the measures of increasing the greening construction and the like, the urban construction scheme is adjusted, the scientific design is scientifically designed, the greening facilities and the structures are reasonably matched, and the urban spatial development pattern is adjusted, Carrying out industrial structure transfer to a region with lower coverage of the water-impermeable surface, and reserving sufficient greening space of the main urban area; and developing and protecting the lakes, the wetland and the like, and improving the self-cleaning, self-control and self-adjusting functions in the urban ecological system.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU984.115;TU992
本文編號：2496261
[Abstract]:The surface of ground, such as building, road, etc., which is made of cement, metal, asphalt and other materials, is the water-proof surface. It is of great significance in measuring the national conditions of the national conditions such as the process of urbanization, the ecological environment monitoring and the change of land-use pattern. With the rapid development of the social comprehensive productivity, the process of urbanization is accelerating, and a large amount of agricultural land is converted into the construction land, and the water-impermeable surface is rapidly expanded. In this paper, by using the Landsat TM/ OLI data of the satellite remote sensing image as the key data source, the paper takes the Landsat TM/ OLI data of the western urbanization construction as the key data source, and uses the linear spectrum hybrid decomposition model and the atmospheric correction method to extract the water-impermeable surface information and the surface temperature inversion. On this basis, the spatial and temporal changes of the water-impermeable surface of the study area and the relationship with the urban surface temperature and the water environment are studied by statistical analysis, spatial analysis, buffer analysis and correlation analysis, and suggestions for urban development and construction planning are put forward. The main research results are as follows: (1) Based on the multi-spectral band, the high/ low reflectivity water-proof surface is selected by means of the minimum noise separation method (MNF) and the pure image element calculation (PPI) after the image preprocessing such as the geometric correction, the radiation calibration, the atmospheric correction, the region cutting, and the like, the vegetation and the soil are divided into four types of terminal elements, the image is mixed and decomposed by a linear spectral hybrid decomposition model (LSMM), and a mask file is established by a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and a water body index (NDWI) to perform noise treatment on the vegetation and the water body, And finally, the water-impermeable surface coverage of the research area is obtained to extract the image. The results of RMS component statistics show that the mean square difference is less than 0.01, and it is verified with the high-resolution image, and the total accuracy is above 80%; and the accuracy of the water-impermeable surface extraction is verified. (2) Based on the thermal infrared band, the surface temperature of the study area is inverted by the atmospheric correction method, and the surface temperature threshold value is verified by the air temperature data issued by the weather station, so that the surface temperature distribution image of the research area with practical value is obtained. (3) Statistical analysis and spatial analysis of the water-impermeable surface coverage images in the study area from 2006 to 2015 were carried out to obtain the characteristics of the time-and-space change of the water-impermeable surface of the study area: the continuous growth of the water-impermeable surface during the period from 2006 to 2015 in the urban area of Chengdu, and the growth rate in recent years is faster; The coverage of the water-impermeable surface is as high as 70.51% in 2015; the distribution of the water-impermeable surface in Chengdu has the characteristics of radial distribution from the center to the outside; the coverage of the water-impermeable surface in each district is decreasing according to the order of Wuhou District, Qingyang District, Jinniu District, Jinjiang District, High-tech Zone and Chenghua District; The velocity of water-impermeable surface expansion is the characteristic of the central urban area, the second in the southwest and the northwest, and the rapid growth in the south. and (4) carrying out quantitative correlation analysis on the water-impermeable surface coverage and the surface inversion temperature by using a buffer analysis and a regression model to obtain the relation between the water-impermeable surface and the surface temperature of the city: the two have strong linear positive correlation, the correlation coefficient is more than 0.7, There is a strong correlation between the urban water-impermeable surface and the change of the urban ecological environment. (5) By comprehensively analyzing the characteristics of the water-proof surface, the surface temperature and the water body distribution, the effects of the urban heat island are put forward, and the proposal of the urban planning scheme for the development of the urban water-logging disaster and the construction of the better-living environment is proposed. the coverage area of the high water-impermeable surface is reduced by the measures of increasing the greening construction and the like, the urban construction scheme is adjusted, the scientific design is scientifically designed, the greening facilities and the structures are reasonably matched, and the urban spatial development pattern is adjusted, Carrying out industrial structure transfer to a region with lower coverage of the water-impermeable surface, and reserving sufficient greening space of the main urban area; and developing and protecting the lakes, the wetland and the like, and improving the self-cleaning, self-control and self-adjusting functions in the urban ecological system.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU984.115;TU992
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