【摘要】：我國(guó)館藏可移動(dòng)文物十分豐富,對(duì)館藏文物建立“館舍+儲(chǔ)藏柜(展柜)+文物”全系統(tǒng)的防震安全體系十分重要。博物館作為公共建筑,需要滿足相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范要求,而儲(chǔ)藏柜作為放置文物的主體結(jié)構(gòu),也是博物館結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)的二次結(jié)構(gòu),其真實(shí)的動(dòng)力特性對(duì)于館藏文物的抗震安全來說至關(guān)重要。為了得到儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際的動(dòng)力特性,本文以某博物館實(shí)際的儲(chǔ)藏柜為例,對(duì)其進(jìn)行環(huán)境振動(dòng)測(cè)試;考慮測(cè)試誤差和模型誤差,利用貝葉斯方法對(duì)其模態(tài)參數(shù)和剛度參數(shù)進(jìn)行識(shí)別;類比建筑結(jié)構(gòu)提出儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元建模方法,并利用貝葉斯方法對(duì)所建有限元模型進(jìn)行修正。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)對(duì)四層和六層儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了環(huán)境振動(dòng)測(cè)試,利用快速貝葉斯FFT方法對(duì)其模態(tài)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了識(shí)別;對(duì)比了不同層數(shù)和不同邊界條件(浮放和固定)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力特性的影響;對(duì)比了經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計(jì)概率和貝葉斯概率識(shí)別結(jié)果的不確定性。結(jié)果表明:儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性與多層鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)類似;自振頻率的識(shí)別精度遠(yuǎn)大于阻尼比,且在給定測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)的情況下,振型的識(shí)別精度較高;六層儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)前兩階自振頻率均大于四層儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu),但振型形式不變;在彈性階段,儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)浮放還是固定對(duì)其動(dòng)力特性沒有影響;多次測(cè)試識(shí)別結(jié)果的統(tǒng)計(jì)概率不確定性大于單次測(cè)試的貝葉斯概率不確定性。(2)基于四層和六層儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)參數(shù)識(shí)別結(jié)果,利用確定性和貝葉斯模型參數(shù)識(shí)別方法對(duì)儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的層間剛度進(jìn)行了識(shí)別,建立了儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的多自由度質(zhì)點(diǎn)系模型。結(jié)果表明:確定性方法識(shí)別結(jié)果處于貝葉斯方法識(shí)別所得最有可能值加減三倍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的范圍內(nèi);儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的短軸向剛度大于長(zhǎng)軸向剛度。(3)對(duì)儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)件進(jìn)行了定義,對(duì)各構(gòu)件間的連接進(jìn)行了假定,類比框架結(jié)構(gòu),提出了儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元建模方法。通過調(diào)整三個(gè)既非鉸接也非固接的構(gòu)件間連接單元的剛度,使得四層和六層儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元模態(tài)分析結(jié)果與識(shí)別結(jié)果較為接近。(4)提出了基于貝葉斯理論的模型修正的數(shù)值優(yōu)化結(jié)合抽樣方法:該方法可以避免得到修正參數(shù)的局部最優(yōu)解;直接對(duì)模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行修正使得修正結(jié)果物理意義更明確。利用所提方法對(duì)所測(cè)四層和六層儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)的初始有限元模型進(jìn)行了修正,結(jié)果表明:所提方法得到的模型參數(shù)修正結(jié)果為全局最優(yōu)解,并可得到表征修正結(jié)果精度的模型參數(shù)的變異系數(shù);最終得到了經(jīng)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)修正的更為精確的四層和六層儲(chǔ)藏柜結(jié)構(gòu)有限元模型。
[Abstract]:The collection of movable cultural relics in our country is very rich, so it is very important for the collection of cultural relics to establish the whole system of anti-earthquake safety system of "the storage cabinets (display cabinets) of the library premises". As a public building, museums need to meet the requirements of the corresponding structural seismic design code, and storage cabinets, as the main structure for placing cultural relics, are also the secondary structures within the museum structure. Its true dynamic characteristics are very important for the seismic safety of the collection. In order to obtain the actual dynamic characteristics of the storage cabinet structure, this paper takes the actual storage cabinet of a museum as an example, carries on the environmental vibration test to it; Considering the test error and model error, Bayesian method is used to identify the modal parameters and stiffness parameters. The finite element modeling method of storage tank structure is put forward by analogy with building structure, and the Bayesian method is used to modify the finite element model. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the environmental vibration of the four-layer and six-layer storage tank structures is tested and the modal parameters are identified by using the fast Bayesian FFT method; The effects of different layers and boundary conditions (floating and fixing) on the dynamic characteristics of the structure are compared, and the uncertainties of the results of classical statistical probability and Bayesian probability identification are compared. The results show that the dynamic characteristics of the storage tank structure are similar to those of the multi-story reinforced concrete structure, the identification accuracy of the natural vibration frequency is much higher than that of the damping ratio, and the identification accuracy of the vibration mode is higher when the test data are given. The first two natural frequencies of the six-story storage cabinet structure are higher than that of the four-layer storage cabinet structure, but the mode of vibration is unchanged, in the elastic stage, the floating or fixing of the storage cabinet structure has no effect on its dynamic characteristics. The statistical probabilistic uncertainty of multiple test identification results is greater than that of Bayesian probabilistic uncertainty of single test. (2) based on the modal parameter identification results of four and six layers storage tank structure, By using deterministic and Bayesian model parameter identification method, the interlayer stiffness of storage tank structure is identified, and the multi-degree of freedom particle system model of storage tank structure is established. The results show that the result of the deterministic method is within the range of the most probable value of the Bayesian method, the addition and subtraction of the standard deviation of three times. The short axial stiffness of storage cabinet structure is larger than that of long axial stiffness. (3) the structural components of storage cabinet are defined, and the connection among each component is assumed. The finite element modeling method of storage cabinet structure is proposed by analogy with the frame structure. By adjusting the stiffness of the three connection elements that are neither hinged nor fixed, The results of finite element modal analysis of four-story and six-story storage tank structures are close to the identification results. (4) A model modified numerical optimization combined sampling method based on Bayesian theory is proposed: this method can be avoided. To the local optimal solution of the modified parameter; The physical meaning of the modified results is more clear by modifying the parameters of the model directly. The proposed method is used to modify the initial finite element model of the four-layer and six-layer storage tank structures. The results show that the proposed method is the global optimal solution for the model parameters. The variation coefficient of the model parameters which can characterize the accuracy of the modified results can be obtained. Finally, a more accurate finite element model of four and six storeys storage tank is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU311.3

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