【摘要】：在我國經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的同時,城鎮(zhèn)供水管網(wǎng)總長度也在快速增長,但供水漏失率一直居高不下,這不但造成水資源及供水能源的極大浪費,對漏失點周邊的生態(tài)環(huán)境也產(chǎn)生了重大影響。管道漏失主要是由于管道薄弱位置剩余強度較低,在管道內(nèi)部較大的水壓下發(fā)生失效破壞,從而使管內(nèi)的高壓水從缺口處漏出,因此有必要了解管道薄弱位置的應(yīng)力及應(yīng)變分布特點,研究相應(yīng)的補強方法。選取給水管道典型薄弱位置——法蘭接口和局部腐蝕區(qū)域,利用有限元軟件ANSYS進行模擬分析。對于腐蝕缺陷,以柱狀溝槽缺陷為模擬對象,分別模擬了腐蝕缺陷在三類幾何尺寸(軸向長度,環(huán)向?qū)挾纫约案g深度)變化下應(yīng)力及應(yīng)變分布規(guī)律,得出缺陷軸向長度是制約腐蝕區(qū)域剩余強度的主要因素,不同軸向長度下缺陷周圍等效應(yīng)力分布云圖差異較大,其次是腐蝕深度,至于缺陷的環(huán)向?qū)挾?其尺寸的改變對缺陷周圍剩余強度影響不大。對于法蘭接口,以簡化的平焊鋼制法蘭為模擬對象,模擬了在螺栓預(yù)緊力和不同水壓下法蘭盤和螺栓的應(yīng)力分布和墊片的形變特點。模擬結(jié)果顯示,隨著管內(nèi)水壓的增大,螺栓與法蘭盤一直處于低應(yīng)力水平,而墊片在不同位置形變差異較大,螺孔下方靠近墊片內(nèi)側(cè)形變最小,相鄰螺孔之間墊片外邊緣形變最大,漏失很有可能發(fā)生在螺孔附近�；谀M結(jié)果,設(shè)計了用于管道局部薄弱位置補強的外包式管件,提出“主動修復(fù)”的概念,并首次將吸水膨脹橡膠應(yīng)用于給水管道修復(fù)領(lǐng)域。結(jié)合相關(guān)試驗,進行了管件漏失報警及漏失自修復(fù)的研究。通過在管件腔體內(nèi)部填充吸水膨脹橡膠和安裝應(yīng)變片,實現(xiàn)了外包式管件自修復(fù)與漏失監(jiān)測兩大功能。為驗證外包式管件的應(yīng)用效果,分別用有機玻璃和碳鋼材質(zhì)的外包式管件進行了“靜態(tài)加壓”和“動態(tài)通水”試驗。在“靜態(tài)加壓”試驗中,外包式管件為有機玻璃材質(zhì),應(yīng)變傳感器粘貼在管件耳板內(nèi)側(cè),外包式管件能在漏失發(fā)生數(shù)小時內(nèi)監(jiān)測到漏失信號,并在漏失發(fā)生的72小時將漏失率降低90%以上。在“動態(tài)通水”試驗中,管件為碳鋼材質(zhì),應(yīng)變傳感器粘貼在硫化型膨脹橡膠表面,在漏失發(fā)生半小時內(nèi)就可以監(jiān)測到明顯的漏失信號,在漏失發(fā)生的72小時漏失率降低90%以上。城鎮(zhèn)供水管網(wǎng)絕大部分漏失發(fā)生在管道接口等局部薄弱位置,采用外包式管件可以對管道局部漏失進行報警及自修復(fù),可以在較低的成本下大幅降低管網(wǎng)漏失率,節(jié)約水資源。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in China, the total length of urban water supply network is also growing rapidly, but the leakage rate of water supply is always high, which not only results in a great waste of water resources and water supply energy. It also has a great influence on the ecological environment around the missing point. Pipeline leakage is mainly due to the low residual strength in the weak position of the pipeline, which causes the high pressure water in the pipe to leak out from the notch because of the failure and failure of the pipeline under the larger water pressure inside the pipe. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the distribution of stress and strain in the weak position of pipeline and to study the corresponding reinforcement method. The typical weak position of feed water pipeline, flange interface and local corrosion zone, is selected and simulated by finite element software ANSYS. For the corrosion defects, the stress and strain distribution of the corrosion defects under three kinds of geometric dimensions (axial length, circumferential width and corrosion depth) is simulated by taking the cylindrical groove defect as the simulation object. It is concluded that the axial length of the defect is the main factor restricting the residual strength of the corrosion zone. The distribution of equivalent stress around the defect varies greatly under different axial lengths, followed by the corrosion depth, and the circumferential width of the defect. The change of its size has little effect on the residual strength around the defect. For flange joints, the stress distribution of flanges and bolts and the deformation characteristics of gaskets are simulated under the pretightening force of bolts and different hydraulic pressures, taking the plain welded steel flanges as the simulation object. The simulation results show that with the increase of the water pressure in the pipe, the bolt and flange are always at low stress level, and the deformation of the gasket varies greatly in different positions, and the deformation of the underside of the screw hole near the inner part of the gasket is the least. The deformation of the outer edge of the gasket between the adjacent holes is the largest, and the leakage is likely to occur near the screw hole. Based on the simulation results, the outsourced pipe fittings used to reinforce the local weak position of the pipeline are designed, and the concept of "active repair" is put forward, and the absorbent expansion rubber is applied to the field of water supply pipeline repair for the first time. Combined with relevant tests, the leakage alarm and self-repair of pipe fittings were studied. By filling the tube cavity with absorbent expansion rubber and installing strain gauges, two functions of self-repair and leakage monitoring are realized. In order to verify the application effect of the outsourced pipe fittings, the "static pressure" and "dynamic water opening" tests were carried out with the outer pipe fittings made of organic glass and carbon steel, respectively. In the "static pressure" test, the outer tube is made of plexiglass, the strain sensor is attached to the inner side of the ear plate of the tube, and the outer tube can detect the leakage signal within a few hours after the leakage occurs. The leakage rate was reduced by more than 90% in 72 hours. In the "dynamic water opening" test, the tube is made of carbon steel, and the strain sensor is attached to the surface of the vulcanized expanded rubber, and the obvious leakage signal can be detected within half an hour after the leakage occurs. The leakage rate decreased by more than 90% in 72 hours. Most of the leakage of urban water supply network occurs in the local weak position such as pipeline interface. The outsourced pipe fittings can alarm and self-repair the local leakage of the pipeline, which can greatly reduce the leakage rate of the pipe network and save water resources at lower cost.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU991.36

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