【摘要】：中國的城市化進(jìn)程隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)與綜合國力的突飛猛進(jìn)而快速發(fā)展,國民生活質(zhì)量日益提升,人們對于優(yōu)質(zhì)風(fēng)景的需求越來越旺盛。我國不缺乏好的風(fēng)景資源,但相比于西方發(fā)達(dá)國家,我國在國土層面的風(fēng)景保護(hù)戰(zhàn)略與體系存在缺失。主管部門數(shù)量較多、管理混亂、權(quán)責(zé)不明;以經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向且缺乏統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃的旅游風(fēng)景區(qū)建設(shè)使大量的優(yōu)質(zhì)景觀被過度開發(fā),生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到破壞;單體景區(qū)彼此間缺乏有機(jī)連接,“孤島效應(yīng)”日益凸顯等等……這些都成為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展與生態(tài)文明建設(shè)過程中亟待解決的問題。同時,一國的風(fēng)景保護(hù)體系不僅應(yīng)關(guān)注風(fēng)景保護(hù)地的總量,更應(yīng)關(guān)注其空間形態(tài)和空間關(guān)系。本文通過文獻(xiàn)研究、GIS應(yīng)用、定性定量分析等研究方法,針對于我國目前風(fēng)景保護(hù)存在的空間破碎化、精英景觀單體與自然背景相分離等問題,分析構(gòu)建基于景觀生態(tài)學(xué)理論的國土風(fēng)景保護(hù)體系:第一,是以具有杰出價值的自然精英景觀與文化精英景觀為主體的“斑塊”元素保護(hù)。利用3302個精英景觀單位的空間分布,分析得出34個精英景觀區(qū)。第二,是以文化景觀廊道為主體的“廊道”線性元素保護(hù)。分析30個國家級景觀廊道資源,加權(quán)選取13個廊道與8個重要節(jié)點(diǎn)。同時將精英景觀區(qū)串聯(lián),使其與廊道構(gòu)成一個完整的、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的國土景觀生態(tài)格局。第三是以文化景觀特征分區(qū)為主體的“基質(zhì)”元素保護(hù),以5大分區(qū)為主體,(?)包含16個地區(qū)和31個副區(qū)的三級分區(qū)體系。要點(diǎn)是將日常景觀作為宏觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的背景進(jìn)行整體質(zhì)量的控制和管理。最后從管理制度、機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置、立法保障、區(qū)域整合、運(yùn)營模式和維護(hù)機(jī)制等六個方面提供政策實(shí)施層面的建議。根據(jù)景觀生態(tài)學(xué)中“斑塊—廊道—基質(zhì)”理論,構(gòu)建以“胡煥庸線”為界,以西部大型自然保護(hù)區(qū)斑塊、東部精英景觀跳板、景觀廊道、文化景觀特征分區(qū)為要素的國土風(fēng)景保護(hù)體系空間格局,希望能為我國國土風(fēng)景保護(hù)理論與實(shí)踐提供相關(guān)參考與建議。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and comprehensive national strength, the quality of people's life is improving day by day, and people's demand for high-quality scenery is more and more vigorous. Our country is not short of good landscape resources, but compared with the western developed countries, there is a lack of landscape protection strategy and system at the land level in our country. The number of departments in charge is large, the management is confused, the rights and responsibilities are not clear, and the construction of tourist scenic spots, which is guided by economic development and lacks of overall planning, causes a large number of high-quality landscapes to be overdeveloped and the ecological environment destroyed; The single scenic spot lacks organic connection between each other, "isolated island effect" increasingly prominent and so on. These are the problems to be solved in the process of sustainable economic and social development and ecological civilization construction in China. At the same time, the national landscape protection system should not only pay attention to the total amount of landscape protection, but also pay attention to its spatial form and spatial relationship. Through literature research, GIS application, qualitative and quantitative analysis and other research methods, this paper aims at the problems of space fragmentation, separation of elite landscape monomer from natural background, and so on. This paper analyzes and constructs the land landscape protection system based on the landscape ecology theory. Firstly, it is the "patch" element protection with the outstanding natural elite landscape and the cultural elite landscape as the main body. Using the spatial distribution of 3302 elite landscape units, 34 elite landscape areas were obtained. Secondly, the "corridor" linear element protection with cultural landscape corridor as the main body. Thirty national landscape corridor resources were analyzed, and 13 corridors and 8 important nodes were selected. At the same time, the elite landscape area is connected to the corridor to form a complete and networked landscape ecological pattern. The third is the "matrix" element protection with the cultural landscape characteristic partition as the main body, taking the 5 big districts as the main body, (?) It consists of 16 regions and 31 sub-districts. The main point is to take the daily landscape as the background of the macro ecosystem for overall quality control and management. Finally, it provides suggestions on policy implementation from six aspects: management system, institutional setting, legislative guarantee, regional integration, operation mode and maintenance mechanism. According to the theory of "patch, corridor and matrix" in landscape ecology, this paper constructs a landscape corridor with "Hu Huanyong line" as the boundary, patches in western large nature reserves, the eastern elite landscape springboard and landscape corridor. It is hoped that the spatial pattern of the land landscape protection system based on the cultural landscape feature zonation can provide relevant references and suggestions for the theory and practice of land and landscape protection in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU984.18

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