【摘要】：我國(guó)預(yù)應(yīng)力技術(shù)自上世紀(jì)80年代中期進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展階段后,在材料、工藝、設(shè)計(jì)理論與技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等方面,均有了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步,總體已達(dá)到國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。然而,工程界對(duì)預(yù)應(yīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)在地震區(qū)的應(yīng)用普遍比較謹(jǐn)慎,使用中有比較嚴(yán)格的限制,并要求采取多種措施。為保證預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的抗震性能,國(guó)外規(guī)范大都采用單一指標(biāo)控制設(shè)計(jì)截面,即規(guī)定配筋指數(shù),該方法類似我國(guó)規(guī)范中限制框架梁端截面相對(duì)受壓區(qū)高度的方法,國(guó)外的歷次震害表明,預(yù)應(yīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)受損的占比較小,且多是由支撐結(jié)構(gòu)倒塌、節(jié)點(diǎn)破壞等原因造成。我國(guó)現(xiàn)行規(guī)范在限制相對(duì)受壓區(qū)高度的基礎(chǔ)上,另設(shè)置了預(yù)應(yīng)力度限值要求,且該指標(biāo)限值較嚴(yán),客觀上常導(dǎo)致普通鋼筋配筋量增加,節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)鋼筋密集,施工及質(zhì)量控制難度增加,且經(jīng)濟(jì)性降低,同時(shí)因梁超強(qiáng)易造成實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)不是“強(qiáng)柱弱梁”。針對(duì)預(yù)應(yīng)力度限值過嚴(yán)的問題,本文在總結(jié)以往相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,著重研究預(yù)應(yīng)力度對(duì)預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)抗震性能的影響,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及研究成果如下:首先,通過理論推導(dǎo)和分析,建立了截面延性系數(shù)的表達(dá)式,分析了影響截面延性的主要因素,包括混凝土強(qiáng)度、混凝土極限壓應(yīng)變、鋼筋屈服強(qiáng)度、相對(duì)受壓區(qū)高度及預(yù)應(yīng)力度等,并證明了預(yù)應(yīng)力度對(duì)截面延性影響較小,為放松預(yù)應(yīng)力度的限值提供了理論依據(jù);其次,為了驗(yàn)證放松預(yù)應(yīng)力度限值的可行性,設(shè)計(jì)了兩榀縮尺比例為1:3,預(yù)應(yīng)力度分別為0.85、0.95的預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土框架,并進(jìn)行了擬靜力試驗(yàn),觀察其破壞形態(tài),分析其延性、耗能等關(guān)鍵的抗震性能指標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明:(1)高預(yù)應(yīng)力度預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土框架仍具有較好的抗震性能,其破壞形態(tài)與中等預(yù)應(yīng)力度預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土框架相似,仍表現(xiàn)為延性破壞,其滯回曲線呈“弓形”,且比較飽滿;(2)盡管兩個(gè)試件的預(yù)應(yīng)力度均超過現(xiàn)行規(guī)范規(guī)定的上限值0.8,但均顯示出良好的變形能力和耗能能力,延性系數(shù)均大于6.0,能量耗散系數(shù)均接近2.0;隨著預(yù)應(yīng)力度的增大,框架的變形能力及耗能能力均有所降低,但降低幅度不大。最后,根據(jù)理論分析及試驗(yàn)研究的成果,對(duì)高預(yù)應(yīng)力度預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土框架設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了探討:除應(yīng)遵循基本的抗震設(shè)計(jì)原則外,應(yīng)優(yōu)先控制相對(duì)受壓區(qū)高度指標(biāo),并采取必要的塑性鉸區(qū)構(gòu)造措施,最后是控制預(yù)應(yīng)力度。綜上,本文結(jié)合理論和試驗(yàn)研究,明確了預(yù)應(yīng)力度指標(biāo)并不是預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)抗震設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵性指標(biāo),且高預(yù)應(yīng)力度框架結(jié)構(gòu)仍具有良好的延性和抗震性能。結(jié)合本文研究提出的設(shè)計(jì)建議是:可將《混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》GB50010、《預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)程》JGJ140中有關(guān)預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)應(yīng)力度限值的規(guī)定適當(dāng)放松,對(duì)二級(jí)、三級(jí)抗震等級(jí),可將預(yù)應(yīng)力度上限值放松至0.85,甚至取消該限值。
[Abstract]:Since the rapid development of prestressing technology in China in the middle of 1980s, great progress has been made in material, technology, design theory and technical standard, which has reached the international advanced level. However, the application of prestressed structures in seismic areas is generally cautious in engineering circles, and there are strict restrictions in their use, and various measures are required. In order to ensure the seismic behavior of prestressed concrete structures, the single index is used to control the design section in foreign codes, that is, the reinforcement index is prescribed. This method is similar to the method of limiting the height of the frame beam end section relative to the compression zone in the code of our country. The previous earthquakes abroad show that the damage of prestressed structures is relatively small, and most of them are caused by collapse of braced structures and damage of joints. On the basis of limiting the height of the relative compression zone, the current code of our country has also set up the limit value of prestress degree, and the limit value of this index is relatively strict, which often leads to the increase of reinforcement quantity of ordinary steel bar and the dense reinforcement in joint area. The difficulty of construction and quality control is increased, and the economy is reduced. At the same time, the actual design is not "strong column and weak beam" because of the super strength of beam. Aiming at the problem that the limit of prestress degree is too strict, based on the previous research results, this paper focuses on the influence of prestress degree on seismic behavior of prestressed concrete frame structure. The main research contents and results are as follows: first of all, Through theoretical derivation and analysis, the expression of section ductility coefficient is established, and the main factors affecting section ductility are analyzed, including concrete strength, concrete ultimate compressive strain, steel bar yield strength, relative compressive zone height and prestress degree, etc. It is proved that the degree of prestress has little effect on the ductility of the section, which provides a theoretical basis for the limit value of the degree of relaxation of prestress. Secondly, in order to verify the feasibility of loosening the limit of prestressing force, two prestressed concrete frames with a scale ratio of 1: 3 and a degree of prestress of 0.85U 0.95 are designed, and quasi-static tests are carried out to observe the failure patterns. Its ductility, energy dissipation and other key seismic performance indicators are analyzed. The experimental results show that: (1) the high prestressed concrete frame still has good seismic performance, and its failure pattern is similar to that of the middle prestressed concrete frame, and it still shows ductile failure. The hysteretic curve is arcuate and full. (2) although the prestress degree of the two specimens exceeds the upper limit value of current code, it shows good deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity, the ductility coefficient is more than 6.0, and the energy dissipation coefficient is close to 2.0; With the increase of prestress degree, the deformability and energy dissipation capacity of the frame are decreased, but the extent of the reduction is not significant. Finally, according to the results of theoretical analysis and experimental research, the design of prestressed concrete frame with high prestressing degree is discussed. Besides the basic seismic design principle, the height index of relative compression zone should be controlled first. The necessary structural measures of plastic hinge area are taken, and finally, the degree of prestress is controlled. On the basis of theoretical and experimental research, it is clear that the index of prestressing force is not the key index of seismic design of prestressed concrete structure, and the high prestressing degree frame structure still has good ductility and seismic performance. Combined with the design suggestion of this paper, it is suggested that the limit of prestressed degree of prestressed concrete frame structure in GB50010, (Code for Design of concrete structures) < Code for Seismic Design of Prestressed concrete structures > JGJ140 can be relaxed appropriately, and the second grade can be relaxed. The upper limit of prestress can be relaxed to 0.85 or even cancelled.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)建筑科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU378.4;TU352.11

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