【摘要】：近年來霧霾天氣頻發(fā),室內外空氣質量越來越受到國人重視。新風凈化機因其能通過引入室外潔凈空氣同時排出室內污染空氣,快速凈化室內環(huán)境,有較大的應用前景。我國的新風凈化技術行業(yè)起步較晚,相關標準還未健全,市場上基于不同過濾單元和裝置結構的新風凈化機良莠不齊,產品說明中存在夸大宣傳等問題,檢測結果不能客觀反映裝置的性能。同時,像教室和辦公室這樣人員密集且對噪音有一定限制的場合對新風機處理風量、過濾性能、噪音有更高的要求。因此,對新風凈化裝置的性能、技術等方面進行系統(tǒng)全面的研究,探究新風凈化裝置的設計應用方向,意義重大。本課題針對微靜電新風凈化裝置的過濾性能和管道結構形式進行試驗研究,以期為低阻高效的新風凈化裝置的應用提供參考。選取上海為典型城市,調查其2014年1月到2016年10月顆粒物日均值狀況,并對上海某學校教室進行污染物測試及調查。結果表明,對室外而言上海市連續(xù)3年年均PM_(2.5)濃度均超GB 3095—2012標準,未達到有效控制,且冬季超標最嚴重。對室內而言,50-60人教室通風量不足會導致CO_2濃度過高,并且CO_2濃度可在45分鐘內達到2000ppm,影響學生的學習。在霧霾嚴重的情況下關閉門窗可以防止室內空氣被外界空氣污染,但不能使室內CO_2和顆粒污染物濃度自然降低到良好的范圍內。所以,需要對教室引入室外新風并且需對室外新風進行凈化處理。對市場新風凈化裝置常用過濾單元進行調研,針對調研結果選取常用過濾單元進行性能測試試驗。設計了一個可置換多種不同過濾單元和過濾單元組合的雙向新風凈化試驗裝置,對比分析了G4粗效過濾、F7中效過濾、IFD裝置、HEPA高效過濾的凈化特性。主要測試內容包括裝置處理風量、能耗、對顆粒物的一次過濾效率。結果表明IFD裝置風阻小,能耗低,但其在大風量下對顆粒物的過濾效果不如纖維過濾高。同時裝有IFD裝置和HEPA高效過濾裝置的過濾組合在低風量和高風量下過濾效果均達到95%以上。進一步對不同結構形式的新風凈化裝置性能進行試驗研究。以G4粗效過濾裝置+IFD過濾裝置+HEPA(H13)為裝置過濾單元,自主設計了8種不同結構形式的新風凈化裝置,并對其處理風量、噪音、能耗、污染物凈化效果、CO_2稀釋效果進行試驗測試。結果表明:(1)同一新風過濾裝置當改變電機頻率或改變出風口形式時,對裝置噪音影響較小,噪音差在1.2d B(A)以內。而當改變新風電機前后風道結構時對噪音影響較大,電機頻率為50Hz時最大與最小噪音差可達到3dB(A)。(2)采用可調球型噴口、無導流板的新風裝置,回風口尺寸越大,噪音越最小。(3)改變出風口形式對風速和風量的影響較大,采用可調方形百葉風口的裝置處理風量相對較大,最大處理風量達到655.81m3/h。風量對除塵能力的影響較大,處理風量較大的裝置除塵能力和除塵效率較高。
[Abstract]:In recent years, haze weather frequent, indoor and outdoor air quality more and more attention. The fresh air purifier has great application prospect because of its ability to exhaust indoor polluted air simultaneously by introducing outdoor clean air and rapidly purifying indoor environment. China's fresh air purification technology industry started relatively late, the relevant standards are not yet perfect, the market based on different filter units and units structure of the fresh air purifier is mixed, and there are some problems in the product description, such as exaggeration and publicity, etc. The test results can not objectively reflect the performance of the device. At the same time, in places such as classrooms and offices, where there are some restrictions on noise, there are higher requirements for fresh air machine to deal with air volume, filter performance, and noise. Therefore, it is of great significance to make a systematic and comprehensive study on the performance and technology of the fresh air purification device, and to explore the design and application direction of the fresh air purification device. In order to provide a reference for the application of low resistance and high efficiency fresh air purifier, the filtration performance and pipeline structure of micro electrostatic fresh air purifier are studied in this paper. Shanghai was selected as a typical city to investigate the daily average of particulate matter from January 2014 to October 2016, and the pollutants were tested and investigated in a school classroom in Shanghai. The results showed that the average annual PM_ (2.5) concentration in Shanghai exceeded the standard of GB 3095-2012 for three consecutive years, which did not reach the effective control, and exceeded the standard most seriously in winter. For indoor, the lack of ventilation in the 50-60 classroom will lead to the high concentration of CO_2, and the concentration of CO_2 can reach 2000ppm in 45 minutes, which will affect the students' study. Closing doors and windows under the serious condition of haze can prevent indoor air from being polluted by external air, but it can not naturally reduce the concentration of indoor CO_2 and particulate pollutants to a good range. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce outdoor fresh air to classroom and purify outdoor fresh air. The common filter units of the fresh air purifier in the market are investigated, and the common filter units are selected to test the performance of the filter units in accordance with the investigation results. In this paper, a bidirectional fresh air purifying test device which can replace many different filter units and combinations of filter units is designed. The purification characteristics of G4 coarse effect filtration, F7 medium effect filtration, IFD device and HEPA high efficiency filtration are compared and analyzed. The main contents of the test include air volume, energy consumption and primary filtration efficiency of particulate matter. The results showed that the air resistance and energy consumption of IFD plant were low, but the filtration efficiency of particulate matter was lower than that of fiber filtration in large air volume. At the same time, the filtration effect of the combination of IFD and HEPA is more than 95% under the condition of low air volume and high air volume. Further, the performance of the fresh air purifier with different structures was studied. Using IFD filter unit HEPA (H13) as filter unit, eight kinds of fresh air purifying devices with different structures were designed and treated with air volume, noise, energy consumption and pollutant purification effect. The dilution effect of CO_2 was tested. The results show that: (1) when the frequency of the motor or the form of the outlet is changed, the noise of the same fresh air filter has little effect on the noise of the device, and the noise difference is less than 1.2 d B (A). However, when the structure of the front and rear air duct of the fresh air motor is changed, the noise is greatly affected. When the frequency of the motor is 50Hz, the maximum and minimum difference between the noise and the minimum noise can reach to 3dB (A). (2) the size of the return tuyere is larger with the adjustable ball nozzle and the fresh air device without the guide plate. The noise is minimized. (3) changing the form of air outlet has a greater influence on wind speed and air volume. The device with adjustable square louver tuyere has relatively larger air volume, and the maximum treatment air volume is 655.81 m3 / h. The effect of air volume on dust removal capacity is great, and the dedusting capacity and dust removal efficiency of the equipment with larger air volume are higher.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU834.8

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