【摘要】：南亞國家尼泊爾以其獨特的古建筑藝術而聞名于世。但該國位于地中�！柴R拉雅地震帶上,歷史上地震頻發(fā)。很多古建筑在地震中毀于一旦。從古建筑遺產(chǎn)保護的角度出發(fā),尼泊爾古建筑的抗震研究是非常有必要的。目前國內(nèi)外對于尼泊爾古建筑的震害研究大多停留在定性的介紹以及歸納上面。采用有限元模擬的建筑多集中在現(xiàn)代砌體以及混凝土結構上。少量對于古建筑的模擬多是單體佛塔式建筑的分析。本文對于常見的尼泊爾磚木結構古建筑進行了深入研究,以九層神廟建筑群為例,對其在大地震中的破壞情況進行調(diào)研和有限元模擬的初步探索。九層神廟古建筑群包含了典型磚木佛塔式建筑巴克塔布爾塔與典型回廊式建筑。對于尼泊爾磚木古建筑的抗震研究具有巨大的意義。本文以九層神廟建筑群在4·25尼泊爾地震中受到了嚴重破壞為切入點,做了如下的工作:1.通過實地調(diào)研,較為詳盡地介紹了該建筑群的震害情況:西南角的主塔上部三層、東北角塔樓的頂層完全垮塌,東南角塔樓頂層嚴重傾斜,結構底層多處墻體局部垮塌或發(fā)生明顯的墻體平面外失穩(wěn)外閃,門窗洞口及窗間墻裂縫普遍,多達6處整層挑檐塌落,結構總體達到中等以上破壞程度,修復難度大。除震害調(diào)研外,本文還進行了受損建筑震動特性現(xiàn)場測試,并詳盡地展示了該測試結果,用以檢驗后文有限元模型的合理性。2.在此基礎上本文通過LS-DYNA有限元模擬分析了該建筑群的受損情況。在模擬過程中,本文提出了較為簡單實用同時也較為準確的殼單元模擬簡化方法:針對于主體承重結構——砌體復合墻以及各樓層椽子砌體樓板使用調(diào)整過參數(shù)的殼單元建模。而后根據(jù)計算結果——模型的模態(tài)結果和實際現(xiàn)場結構振動特性測試結果對比一致以及模型四座塔樓震害結果歸類和實地震害一致驗證了該方法的合理性。3.最后結合調(diào)研資料與有限元模擬結果對該類建筑的修復加固提出了相應的建議:在砌體墻內(nèi)芯加設內(nèi)置鋼筋混凝土圈梁與構造柱;在復合墻中橫貫內(nèi)芯與兩外表層砌體設置拉結筋,增強復合砌體墻的整體受力性能;加設抗震縫,采用柔性連接,以消除該建筑群與其他建筑群以及該建筑群內(nèi)部動力特性不一致部分的碰撞隱患;在新砌筑的磚砌體之間使用高強度砂漿粘結,提高砌體墻強度。
[Abstract]:The South Asian nation of Nepal is famous for its unique ancient architectural art. But the country is located in the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic belt, the history of frequent earthquakes. Many ancient buildings were destroyed in the earthquake. It is necessary to study the earthquake resistance of ancient buildings in Nepal from the point of view of heritage protection. At present, the research on earthquake damage of ancient Nepalese buildings at home and abroad mostly stays on qualitative introduction and induction. The buildings using finite element simulation are mostly concentrated on modern masonry and concrete structures. A small amount of the simulation of ancient buildings is the analysis of individual pagodas. In this paper, the common ancient buildings of Nepalese brick and wood structures are studied in depth. Taking the nine-story temple complex as an example, the damage situation in the earthquake is investigated and the preliminary exploration of finite element simulation is made. The nine-story temple complex consists of a typical brick pagoda and a typical verandah. It is of great significance to study the earthquake resistance of ancient brick buildings in Nepal. In this paper, the nine-story temple complex was severely damaged in the earthquake of 425 Nepal, and the following work has been done: 1. Through field investigation, the earthquake damage of this building group is introduced in detail: the upper three floors of the main tower in the southwest corner, the top floor of the northeast corner tower completely collapses, and the top floor of the southeastern corner tower sloping seriously. At the bottom of the structure, the local collapse of the wall or the obvious external flicker of the wall outside the plane, the cracks between the door and window openings and windows are common, as many as 6 whole overhanging eaves collapse, the structure is generally above the medium level of destruction, and it is difficult to repair. In addition to the investigation and investigation of earthquake damage, the field test of vibration characteristics of damaged buildings is carried out in this paper, and the test results are presented in detail to verify the rationality of the later finite element model. 2. On this basis, the damage of the complex is analyzed by LS-DYNA finite element simulation. In the course of simulation, a simple, practical and accurate simplified method of shell element simulation is put forward. For the main load-bearing structure, masonry composite wall and each floor rafter masonry floor, the shell element with adjusted parameters is used to model the model. Then, the rationality of the method is verified by comparing the modal results of the model with the measured results of the actual field structure vibration characteristics, classifying the damage results of the four towers of the model and the earthquake damage in the field. 3. Finally, combining the investigation data and the finite element simulation results, the paper puts forward the corresponding suggestions for the restoration and reinforcement of this kind of building: add the reinforced concrete ring beam and the structural column in the core of the masonry wall; In order to enhance the overall mechanical performance of the composite masonry wall, the tension reinforcement is arranged between the inner core and the masonry with two exterior layers in the composite wall. The aseismic joints are added and flexible connections are adopted to eliminate the hidden danger of collision between the building group and other buildings as well as the internal dynamic characteristics of the building group, and to use high strength mortar bond between the new masonry brick masonry to improve the strength of the masonry wall.
【學位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學研究所
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU-87;TU352.11

【參考文獻】

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本文編號：2304337