【摘要】：日前,我國鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑蓬勃發(fā)展,鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑越來越多,而鋼結(jié)構(gòu)之間的連接有很大一部分采用的是焊接連接方式,在焊縫施工中和結(jié)構(gòu)使用過程中難免會出現(xiàn)缺陷和損傷,這都會使結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性和耐久性大大降低,因此,如何識別這些缺陷和損傷,在整個鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑中就顯得尤為重要。金屬磁記憶檢測技術(shù)至今發(fā)展了二三十年,對結(jié)構(gòu)是否存在缺陷能夠做出有效判斷,研究表明其對焊縫的質(zhì)量檢測也是適用的。目前金屬磁記憶檢測技術(shù)對焊縫缺陷的判斷還處在初級階段。本文通過Q345鋼材拉伸試驗(yàn),利用金屬磁記憶檢測儀EMS-2003進(jìn)行檢測,分析比較有缺陷試件和無缺陷試件在各級荷載下漏磁場信號的變化規(guī)律,結(jié)合金屬磁記憶檢測原理,分析應(yīng)力和漏磁場信號之間的關(guān)系,找出可以判斷試件有無缺陷的依據(jù),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在試件拉伸過程中,磁信號隨著荷載的增大而增大,信號梯度值也隨著增大,無缺陷試件沒有“峰-峰值”,而有缺陷試件出現(xiàn)“峰-峰值”,且“峰-峰值”隨荷載呈線性變化,在彈性階段和塑性階段之間出現(xiàn)“拐點(diǎn)”,可以作為確定試件是否有缺陷的依據(jù),以及是否從彈性階段進(jìn)入到塑性階段。有缺陷試件的“峰值寬度”在整個加載的過程中都保持很好的穩(wěn)定性,“峰值寬度”在20~30mm之間,可用來確定缺陷的位置。通過對比有缺陷試件和無缺陷試件表面磁場信號,分析焊縫缺陷與磁信號之間的關(guān)系,都有過零點(diǎn)現(xiàn)象,但是位置不固定。斷裂后,試件的磁信號呈現(xiàn)出相同的變化規(guī)律,在裂縫處兩邊的信號幅值增大符號相反,可以用來確定試件裂縫位置。另外,本文還利用信息熵的理論對試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析,得出有缺陷試件和無缺陷試件的相對譜熵帶和奇異譜熵帶都能有效的區(qū)分,可以用來判斷試件是否存在缺陷。通過以上試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,可以得出金屬磁記憶檢測方法可以有效識別焊縫的缺陷,是一種切實(shí)可行的方法。
[Abstract]:A few days ago, the steel structure building developed vigorously in our country, the steel structure building more and more, but the connection between the steel structure has adopted the welding connection way, will inevitably appear the flaw and the damage in the weld seam construction and the structure use process. This will greatly reduce the safety and durability of the structure, therefore, how to identify these defects and damage, in the whole steel structure is particularly important. The technique of metal magnetic memory testing has been developed for 20 to 30 years, and it can be used to judge the defect of the structure. The research shows that it is also applicable to the quality test of weld. At present, metal magnetic memory detection technology for weld defect judgment is still in the primary stage. In this paper, through the tensile test of Q345 steel, the metal magnetic memory detector (EMS-2003) is used to detect and compare the variation of magnetic field leakage signals between defective and non-defective specimens under various loads, combining with the principle of metal magnetic memory detection. The relationship between stress and magnetic field leakage signal is analyzed, and the basis for judging whether the specimen is defective or not is found. The test results show that the magnetic signal increases with the increase of load, and the signal gradient increases with the increase of load. There is no "peak-peak" in non-defect specimens, while "peak-peak" appears in defective specimens, and "peak-peak" varies linearly with load, and "inflection point" occurs between elastic stage and plastic stage. It can be used as the basis for determining whether the specimen has defects and whether to move from elastic stage to plastic stage. The "peak width" of the defective specimen remains stable throughout the loading process, and the "peak width" between the 20~30mm can be used to determine the location of the defect. The relationship between weld defect and magnetic signal is analyzed by comparing the surface magnetic field signals of defective and non-defective specimens. The phenomenon of crossing zero is found, but the position is not fixed. After fracture, the magnetic signal of the specimen shows the same change law, the amplitude of the signal on both sides of the crack increases the sign is opposite, it can be used to determine the crack position of the specimen. In addition, the information entropy theory is used to analyze the experimental results. It is concluded that the relative spectral entropy band and the singular spectral entropy band can be effectively distinguished between the defective specimen and the non-defective specimen, which can be used to judge whether the specimen has defects or not. According to the above experimental results, it can be concluded that the metal magnetic memory detection method can effectively identify the weld defects, which is a feasible method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU391

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