【摘要】：適應(yīng)性熱舒適研究表明,受地域氣候、文化、居民生活習(xí)慣等方面的影響,我國不同氣候區(qū)人體適應(yīng)性熱舒適存在差異。吐魯番屬于我國寒冷氣候區(qū),氣候特征為干冷干熱,與該氣候區(qū)其他地域存在顯著差異。那么,吐魯番地區(qū)人體熱適應(yīng)性及熱舒適區(qū)范圍是否與寒冷氣候區(qū)其他地域相同?針對此問題,本文在吐魯番農(nóng)村地區(qū)開展了大量熱舒適現(xiàn)場調(diào)研工作,分析了該地區(qū)人體熱適應(yīng)性,熱環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在吐魯番農(nóng)村地區(qū)的適用情況,建立了適用于評(píng)價(jià)吐魯番農(nóng)宅室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境模型。主要包括以下內(nèi)容:首先,于春季、夏季、冬季分別進(jìn)行了熱舒適現(xiàn)場調(diào)查,分析了該地區(qū)人體熱適應(yīng)規(guī)律,并與寒冷氣候區(qū)其他地域進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果顯示,吐魯番地區(qū)實(shí)測熱中性溫度分別為26.17℃(春季)、26.58℃(夏季)、18.99℃(冬季),夏季熱中性溫度明顯高于寒冷氣候區(qū)其他地域;全年80%可接受溫度范圍為12.28℃~25.99℃,較其他地域可接受溫度范圍寬泛;當(dāng)夏季操作溫度高于30℃時(shí),當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹b不再發(fā)生明顯變化,服裝熱阻約為0.4clo,也與其他地域存在較大差異。由此表明,吐魯番農(nóng)村居民熱適應(yīng)規(guī)律與寒冷氣候區(qū)其他地域不同。其次,分析了ASHRAE 55、EN 15251及GB/T 50785標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在吐魯番農(nóng)村民居室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)的適用性。吐魯番地區(qū)室外溫度皆超出上述三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的適用溫度范圍,且GB/T 50785標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的計(jì)算法評(píng)價(jià)方式未考慮吐魯番地區(qū)與寒冷氣候區(qū)適應(yīng)水平的差異。表明,需單獨(dú)制定適用于該地區(qū)的評(píng)價(jià)模型。再次,根據(jù)ASHRAE 55確定室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境等級(jí)的方法,得到80%人群滿意的適應(yīng)性熱舒適區(qū)范圍,上限方程為y=0.2964x+25.901,下限方程為y=0.3194x+14.879;根據(jù)GB/T 50785計(jì)算自適應(yīng)系數(shù)λ的計(jì)算方法,得到λ=-1.46(春)、λ=0.77(夏)、λ=-0.49(冬);最后,對吐魯番農(nóng)村不同建造時(shí)期、不同建筑材料的農(nóng)宅分別于春季、夏季、冬季進(jìn)行室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境測試,結(jié)果表明,本文建立的適應(yīng)性熱舒適評(píng)價(jià)模型,在評(píng)價(jià)吐魯番地區(qū)農(nóng)宅室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境時(shí)與熱舒適現(xiàn)場調(diào)研得出的結(jié)果基本一致。本文對吐魯番地區(qū)熱舒適現(xiàn)場調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)及形成的各項(xiàng)結(jié)論,對研究同一氣候區(qū)不同氣候特征條件下,人體熱適應(yīng)規(guī)律及室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)具有參考意義,為我國室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后期修訂與完善提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。
[Abstract]:The study of adaptive thermal comfort shows that there are differences in adaptive thermal comfort of human body in different climatic regions in China under the influence of regional climate, culture and residents' living habits and so on. Turpan belongs to the cold climate region of China, and its climatic characteristics are dry, cold, dry and hot, which are obviously different from other regions in this climate area. So, is the thermal adaptability and thermal comfort zone of the Turpan area the same as other regions of the cold climate zone? In order to solve this problem, this paper has carried out a large number of field investigations on thermal comfort in the rural areas of Turpan, and analyzed the applicability of the thermal adaptability and thermal environment evaluation criteria in the rural areas of Turpan. A model for evaluating the indoor thermal environment of agricultural houses in Turpan was established. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the thermal comfort field investigation was carried out in spring, summer and winter, and the rules of human body thermal adaptation in this area were analyzed, and compared with other regions in cold climate area. The results show that the measured thermal neutral temperatures in Turpan are 26.17 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2285467