基于LID技術(shù)的城市公園雨洪管理研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-15 18:50
【摘要】：城市化進(jìn)程極大地改變了城市的不透水面面積,從而導(dǎo)致了地表徑流總量增大、峰值徑流量增加以及徑流污染物增加等問(wèn)題。針對(duì)當(dāng)前城市中面臨嚴(yán)峻的雨洪問(wèn)題及傳統(tǒng)的城市雨水排水系統(tǒng)的不足,以低影響開(kāi)發(fā)(LID)理念為基礎(chǔ)的海綿城市理念得到了越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注,同時(shí),兩批海綿城市試點(diǎn)城市的公布掀起了海綿城市建設(shè)的熱潮。然而,基于LID理念的海綿城市是個(gè)比較新的概念,國(guó)內(nèi)還缺乏足夠的研究,亟需借鑒國(guó)外先進(jìn)的雨洪管理理念和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)城市發(fā)展的具體情況,探索適宜我國(guó)城市雨洪管理的技術(shù)與方法,以期為當(dāng)前如火如荼的海綿城市建設(shè)提供有益的參考。城市公園是城市中的重要組成部分,對(duì)城市的雨洪調(diào)控能夠發(fā)揮巨大作用,是當(dāng)前海綿城市建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容,因而本研究主要以城市公園為研究對(duì)象,探索適合國(guó)內(nèi)城市公園雨洪管理的技術(shù)措施。首先詳細(xì)梳理了國(guó)內(nèi)外雨洪管理的理論發(fā)展、實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)及LID理論的基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合我國(guó)城市公園的現(xiàn)狀,嘗試提出適合我國(guó)城市公園雨洪管理的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)方法。接著借助降雨徑流管理決策支持系統(tǒng)SUSTAIN模型,選取福州市的飛鳳山奧體公園為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)提出的城市公園雨洪管理規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行實(shí)地案例演示及驗(yàn)證,探索出適宜福州飛鳳山奧體公園雨洪管理的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)方法,進(jìn)而總結(jié)出適宜國(guó)內(nèi)城市公園雨洪管控的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)方法。在運(yùn)用SUSTAIN模型時(shí),主要針對(duì)雨洪管理措施布局進(jìn)行適宜性分析,確定各措施適宜建設(shè)的區(qū)域。通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)資料的數(shù)化,模擬出研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的開(kāi)發(fā)前情景、傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)模式場(chǎng)景、現(xiàn)狀情景,和雨洪管理措施情景。使用2016年福州市每日每3小時(shí)的降雨量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行輸入,模擬比較研究區(qū)域內(nèi)開(kāi)發(fā)前后的徑流總量和污染物的變化。結(jié)果表明:(1)在開(kāi)發(fā)后研究場(chǎng)地內(nèi)相較于開(kāi)發(fā)前徑流總量增加了 205%;(2)年峰值流量增加了 13%;(3)年污染物總量增加了 192%;(4)年污染物濃度增加了 38%;模擬結(jié)果有效說(shuō)明了場(chǎng)地開(kāi)發(fā)后對(duì)水文環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響,加重了場(chǎng)地的雨洪管理問(wèn)題。接著針對(duì)場(chǎng)地現(xiàn)狀運(yùn)用雨洪管理措施進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),結(jié)果表明:進(jìn)行場(chǎng)地雨洪管理措施的設(shè)計(jì)后,年徑流總量和年峰值流量上分別削減了 21.2%和17%;年污染物總量和年污染物濃度分別削減了 26.6%和8%。最后運(yùn)用SUSTAIN系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化功能,進(jìn)行方案的優(yōu)化比選,得出了成本-效益最優(yōu)的方案為:成本為1469044.06元,其年徑流總量和年污染物總量削減率為26.9%和36.6%,達(dá)到了海綿城市建設(shè)中,福州市要求的年徑流總量控制率在75%的目標(biāo)。案例研究結(jié)果有力地驗(yàn)證了基于LID技術(shù)的雨洪管理措施的有效性,為今后的海綿城市建設(shè)提供了相應(yīng)的借鑒。
[Abstract]:The urbanization process has greatly changed the impermeable surface area of the city, resulting in the increase of the total surface runoff, the increase of the peak runoff flow and the increase of runoff pollutants. In view of the severe problem of rain and flood in the current city and the shortage of the traditional drainage system of Rain Water, the concept of sponge city based on the concept of low-impact development of (LID) has been paid more and more attention to, at the same time, The announcement of two pilot cities of sponge cities set off an upsurge in the construction of sponge cities. However, the sponge city based on LID concept is a relatively new concept, which is lack of enough research in our country. It is urgent to draw lessons from the advanced rain flood management concept and practical experience of foreign countries, and combine with the specific situation of the development of domestic cities. In order to provide a useful reference for the construction of spongy city in full swing, this paper explores the appropriate techniques and methods for urban rain flood management in China. Urban park is an important part of the city. It can play a great role in the regulation of urban rain and flood. It is an important content of the sponge city construction at present. Therefore, this research mainly takes the city park as the research object. To explore suitable technical measures for rain flood management of urban parks in China. Firstly, the theoretical development, practical experience and LID theory of rain flood management at home and abroad are reviewed in detail. Combined with the present situation of urban parks in China, the planning and design methods suitable for rain flood management of urban parks in China are proposed. Then, with the help of SUSTAIN model of rainfall runoff management decision support system, this paper selects Feifeng Mountain Olympic Sports Park in Fuzhou as the research object, and demonstrates and verifies the design method of rainwater and flood management in urban park. The planning and design method of rain flood management suitable for Fuzhou Feifeng Mountain Olympic Games Park is explored, and the planning and design method suitable for urban park rain flood control in China is summarized. In the application of SUSTAIN model, the suitability analysis of rainwater and flood management measures is carried out, and the suitable areas for construction of each measure are determined. Through the digitization of the field data, the pre-development scenario, the traditional development model scene, the current situation scenario and the rainwater flood management situation in the study area are simulated. The data of rainfall every 3 hours per day in Fuzhou in 2016 were used to simulate and compare the changes of total runoff and pollutants before and after development. The results show that: (1) the total amount of runoff in the research site after development increased by 205%; (2) the annual peak flow increased by 13%; (3) the total amount of pollutants increased by 1922%; (4) the concentration of pollutants increased by 38% in the year; and the simulation results showed that Site development has had a negative impact on the hydrological environment, This has aggravated the problem of rain and flood management in the site. Then, according to the current situation of the site, rain flood management measures are used to design, the results show that: after the design of the site rain flood management measures, The total annual runoff and the annual peak discharge were reduced by 21.2% and 17%, respectively, and the total annual pollutant amount and the annual pollutant concentration were reduced by 26.6% and 8%, respectively. At last, by using the optimization function of SUSTAIN system, the optimal scheme of cost and benefit is obtained: the cost is 1469044.06 yuan, the annual runoff and total pollutant reduction rate are 26.9% and 36.6% respectively, which reach the construction of sponge city, and the results are as follows: (1) in the construction of sponge city, the optimal cost is 1469044.06 yuan, and the reduction rate of annual runoff and total pollutant amount is 26.9% and 36.6% respectively. Fuzhou requires a total annual runoff control rate of 75% of the target. The results of the case study prove the effectiveness of rain flood management measures based on LID technology and provide a reference for the construction of sponge city in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU992;TU986
本文編號(hào)：2273496
[Abstract]:The urbanization process has greatly changed the impermeable surface area of the city, resulting in the increase of the total surface runoff, the increase of the peak runoff flow and the increase of runoff pollutants. In view of the severe problem of rain and flood in the current city and the shortage of the traditional drainage system of Rain Water, the concept of sponge city based on the concept of low-impact development of (LID) has been paid more and more attention to, at the same time, The announcement of two pilot cities of sponge cities set off an upsurge in the construction of sponge cities. However, the sponge city based on LID concept is a relatively new concept, which is lack of enough research in our country. It is urgent to draw lessons from the advanced rain flood management concept and practical experience of foreign countries, and combine with the specific situation of the development of domestic cities. In order to provide a useful reference for the construction of spongy city in full swing, this paper explores the appropriate techniques and methods for urban rain flood management in China. Urban park is an important part of the city. It can play a great role in the regulation of urban rain and flood. It is an important content of the sponge city construction at present. Therefore, this research mainly takes the city park as the research object. To explore suitable technical measures for rain flood management of urban parks in China. Firstly, the theoretical development, practical experience and LID theory of rain flood management at home and abroad are reviewed in detail. Combined with the present situation of urban parks in China, the planning and design methods suitable for rain flood management of urban parks in China are proposed. Then, with the help of SUSTAIN model of rainfall runoff management decision support system, this paper selects Feifeng Mountain Olympic Sports Park in Fuzhou as the research object, and demonstrates and verifies the design method of rainwater and flood management in urban park. The planning and design method of rain flood management suitable for Fuzhou Feifeng Mountain Olympic Games Park is explored, and the planning and design method suitable for urban park rain flood control in China is summarized. In the application of SUSTAIN model, the suitability analysis of rainwater and flood management measures is carried out, and the suitable areas for construction of each measure are determined. Through the digitization of the field data, the pre-development scenario, the traditional development model scene, the current situation scenario and the rainwater flood management situation in the study area are simulated. The data of rainfall every 3 hours per day in Fuzhou in 2016 were used to simulate and compare the changes of total runoff and pollutants before and after development. The results show that: (1) the total amount of runoff in the research site after development increased by 205%; (2) the annual peak flow increased by 13%; (3) the total amount of pollutants increased by 1922%; (4) the concentration of pollutants increased by 38% in the year; and the simulation results showed that Site development has had a negative impact on the hydrological environment, This has aggravated the problem of rain and flood management in the site. Then, according to the current situation of the site, rain flood management measures are used to design, the results show that: after the design of the site rain flood management measures, The total annual runoff and the annual peak discharge were reduced by 21.2% and 17%, respectively, and the total annual pollutant amount and the annual pollutant concentration were reduced by 26.6% and 8%, respectively. At last, by using the optimization function of SUSTAIN system, the optimal scheme of cost and benefit is obtained: the cost is 1469044.06 yuan, the annual runoff and total pollutant reduction rate are 26.9% and 36.6% respectively, which reach the construction of sponge city, and the results are as follows: (1) in the construction of sponge city, the optimal cost is 1469044.06 yuan, and the reduction rate of annual runoff and total pollutant amount is 26.9% and 36.6% respectively. Fuzhou requires a total annual runoff control rate of 75% of the target. The results of the case study prove the effectiveness of rain flood management measures based on LID technology and provide a reference for the construction of sponge city in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU992;TU986
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