【摘要】：近年來,隨著高等教育的不斷擴(kuò)招,高校中的人數(shù)越來越多,人群密集場所也日漸增多。相比于其他人群密集的場所而言,宿舍占據(jù)著學(xué)生日常生活中很大一部分的時間,與此同時,隨著當(dāng)代建筑業(yè)的發(fā)展,宿舍規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,當(dāng)發(fā)生突發(fā)事件時,如何安全、合理、高效的將建筑物中的人員疏散到安全區(qū)域,已成為眾多學(xué)者關(guān)注的課題。由于人員的疏散是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),應(yīng)急疏散演練受時間、環(huán)境以及個人心理因素的影響,往往與真實(shí)疏散存在一定的差別,并不能得到預(yù)期的疏散效果。同時還會耗費(fèi)大量的人力和物力。所以,采用先進(jìn)的計算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)對人員疏散進(jìn)行研究,是當(dāng)前該領(lǐng)域的一個重大課題。首先,本文通過對國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析,總結(jié)了相關(guān)的理論知識和研究趨勢。在理論研究的基礎(chǔ)上,針對現(xiàn)如今高校人群密集場所的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,分析并總結(jié)其突發(fā)事件的類型,并對疏散流線,設(shè)備及通道通行能力和影響疏散的因素進(jìn)行了分析。其次,人員疏散過程中的心理及行為對疏散的效率有直接的影響,本文通過對疏散人員的心理及疏散過程中的結(jié)伴行為、攜帶物品行為、出口瓶頸的競爭行為分別進(jìn)行了理論及模擬研究,得出了各行為對疏散效率的影響,為后文的實(shí)例研究做了鋪墊。另外,通過對多種疏散軟件的對比,選擇了能夠有效的基于智能體進(jìn)行建模,并且可以很好的構(gòu)建交互式的連續(xù)和離散動態(tài)仿真的Anylogic作為本課題的仿真軟件。最后,通過對高校較為典型的單一型和復(fù)合型兩類宿舍樓疏散環(huán)境的研究,并對其進(jìn)行建模和仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),通過對所收集數(shù)據(jù)的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)疏散過程中存在的問題,針對模型中存在的問題,對疏散模型及參數(shù)進(jìn)行了有針對性的優(yōu)化,從而大大降低了疏散人員暴露于危險環(huán)境中的時間,同時對疏散過程進(jìn)行了評價并提出了一些意見及建議,為今后高校人員在突發(fā)事件下的緊急疏散提供了參考的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous expansion of higher education, more and more people in colleges and universities, crowd-intensive places are also increasing. Compared with other crowded places, dormitories occupy a large part of the daily life of students. At the same time, with the development of contemporary construction industry and the expansion of dormitory scale, how to be safe and reasonable when emergencies occur. The efficient evacuation of people from buildings to safe areas has become a topic of concern to many scholars. As evacuation is a complex system, emergency evacuation drills are influenced by time, environment and personal psychological factors, which are often different from the actual evacuation, and can not get the expected evacuation effect. At the same time will also spend a lot of human and material resources. Therefore, using advanced computer simulation technology to study evacuation is an important subject in this field. Firstly, this paper analyzes the current situation of research at home and abroad, summarizes the relevant theoretical knowledge and research trend. On the basis of theoretical research, this paper analyzes and summarizes the types of emergent events in colleges and universities in the light of the structural characteristics of crowded places, and analyzes the flow lines, equipment and passage capacity of evacuation and the factors affecting evacuation. Secondly, the psychology and behavior in the process of evacuation have a direct impact on the efficiency of evacuation. The competition behavior of export bottleneck is studied in theory and simulation, and the influence of each behavior on evacuation efficiency is obtained. In addition, through the comparison of various evacuation software, we choose Anylogic, which can model effectively based on agent, and can build interactive continuous and discrete dynamic simulation as the simulation software of this subject. Finally, through the study of the evacuation environment of the typical single and compound dormitory buildings in colleges and universities, and the modeling and simulation experiments, through the analysis of the collected data, the problems in the evacuation process are found. Aiming at the problems existing in the model, the evacuation model and its parameters are optimized, thus greatly reducing the time that the evacuees are exposed to dangerous environment. At the same time, the evacuation process is evaluated and some suggestions and suggestions are put forward. It provides a reference for the emergency evacuation of university personnel in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU241.3

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