【摘要】：筒倉的動態(tài)壓力大于靜態(tài)壓力已是不爭的事實,但引起動態(tài)壓力增大的原因復雜,長期以來一直處于探索階段。到目前為止,尚沒有成熟的設計理論。尤其是筒壁卸料理論更加匱乏。因此,研究筒壁卸料過程中物料流動對倉壁側(cè)壓力具有重要的理論意義和實用價值。論文依托國家自然科學基金項目:《基于裝卸料過程能量轉(zhuǎn)換的筒倉動態(tài)超壓機理研究》(項目編號:51578216)。本文主要內(nèi)容有:(1)結(jié)合工程實例,制作筒倉模型,對土壓力傳感器進行標定,布置在設定位置的筒倉內(nèi)壁上。(2)采用單側(cè)和雙側(cè)兩種卸料方式對高徑比不同(1.1和2.2)的筒倉進行靜態(tài)壓力和動態(tài)壓力測試。使用土壓力傳感器,測試最大貯料高度各測點靜態(tài)壓力值,并與理論值對比分析;測試卸料過程中的動態(tài)側(cè)壓力;根據(jù)試驗結(jié)果計算超壓系數(shù),分析最大超壓系數(shù)發(fā)生位置。(3)結(jié)果表明,筒壁單側(cè)卸料過程中,淺倉最大超壓系數(shù)發(fā)生位置在0.2m深度處,值為1.57;深倉最大超壓系數(shù)發(fā)生位置在0.4m深度處,值為1.74。筒壁雙側(cè)卸料過程中,淺倉最大超壓系數(shù)在0.2m處,值為1.51;深倉最大超壓系數(shù)在0.4m深度處,值為1.58。由此可知,淺倉最大超壓系數(shù)比深倉小,單側(cè)卸料的超壓系數(shù)比雙側(cè)卸料大。(4)對倉內(nèi)物料流態(tài)進行研究,并利用PFC3D顆粒流程序建立與試驗使用的深倉筒壁雙側(cè)卸料筒倉相同的模型,將模擬流態(tài)與拍攝所得的流態(tài)對比分析。結(jié)果表明,模擬流態(tài)與試驗拍攝所得流態(tài)基本吻合。其中高徑比為1.1的筒倉,卸料過程中發(fā)生管狀流動,倉內(nèi)存在明顯的靜止和流動區(qū)域,且流動區(qū)域與靜止區(qū)域截面不和倉壁相交;高徑比為2.2的筒倉,卸料過程中發(fā)生混合流動,區(qū)域主要分布在0.3m-0.5m左右深度處,進而導致筒倉上部為整體流動,下部為管狀流動。
[Abstract]:It is an indisputable fact that the dynamic pressure of silo is greater than the static pressure, but the reasons for the increase of the dynamic pressure are complicated and have been in the stage of exploration for a long time. So far, there is no mature design theory. Especially the theory of cylinder wall discharge is more scarce. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the material flow in the discharge process of cylinder wall. This paper relies on the National Natural Science Foundation of China: research on dynamic overpressure Mechanism of Silo based on Energy conversion in loading and unloading process (item No.: 51578216). The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) combined with engineering examples, the silo model is made and the earth pressure sensor is calibrated. (2) the static pressure and dynamic pressure of silo with different ratio of height to diameter (1.1 and 2.2) were measured by two discharge methods: one side and two sides. Using the earth pressure sensor, the static pressure values at each measuring point of the maximum storage height are measured and compared with the theoretical values; the dynamic lateral pressure during discharge is tested; the overpressure coefficient is calculated according to the test results. The results show that the maximum overpressure coefficient of shallow silo occurs at the depth of 0.2m with a value of 1.57, and the maximum overpressure coefficient of deep warehouse occurs at the depth of 0.4 m, with a value of 1.74. The maximum overpressure coefficient of shallow silo is 0.2m and the maximum overpressure coefficient of deep silo is 1.58m in the depth of 0.4m. It can be seen that the maximum overpressure coefficient of shallow silo is smaller than that of deep bin, and the overpressure coefficient of discharging material on one side is larger than that of both sides. (4) the material flow pattern in warehouse is studied. Using PFC3D particle flow program to establish the same model as the double-side unloading silo used in the experiment, and to compare the simulated flow state with the flow state obtained by shooting. The results show that the simulated flow pattern is in good agreement with the experimental one. In silo with aspect ratio 1.1, tubular flow occurs during discharge, and there are obvious static and flowing areas in the silo, and the flow area does not intersect with the wall of the silo in the static area, while the silo with a ratio of height to diameter of 2.2. The mixed flow occurs in the unloading process, and the region is mainly distributed at the depth of the 0.3m-0.5m, which leads to the overall flow in the upper part of the silo and the tubular flow in the lower part of the silo.
【學位授予單位】：河南工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU375

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