【摘要】：生土結(jié)構(gòu)房屋是應(yīng)用歷史最久且分布最為廣泛的傳統(tǒng)建筑形式,具有可就地取材、可降解再生、施工簡(jiǎn)易、造價(jià)低廉、熱工性能突出以及低能耗無(wú)污染一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn),研究承重生土墻的性能對(duì)生土結(jié)構(gòu)房屋的設(shè)計(jì)和建造有著重要意義。本文通過(guò)對(duì)承重生土墻的文獻(xiàn)和實(shí)地調(diào)研,分析歸納墻體的破壞特征和承載性能,探討承重墻體抗剪承載力的影響因素,提出承載夯土墻的抗剪承載力計(jì)算公式,針對(duì)生土材料在力學(xué)性能和抗水性的缺陷,采用摻粘土石化劑進(jìn)行改良優(yōu)化,并用有限元模擬墻體在水平剪切作用下的力學(xué)性能,相關(guān)工作及結(jié)論如下:1、對(duì)四川部分地區(qū)的生土房屋墻體進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)研,得到了當(dāng)?shù)卮迓渖练课輭w的結(jié)構(gòu)形式、建筑材料、營(yíng)造技術(shù)和質(zhì)量病害相關(guān)的資料。生土墻體的結(jié)構(gòu)形式有土坯墻體和夯土墻體。夯土墻在建筑材料方面采用粘性土以及摻有沙、碎石、石屑的土兩種,墻體的營(yíng)造技術(shù)有椽筑法和版筑法,其質(zhì)量病害主要體現(xiàn)在地基不均勻沉降和基礎(chǔ)的處理不當(dāng)引起的破壞、墻體受壓承載力不足引起的破壞、構(gòu)造措施不當(dāng)引起的墻體破壞、結(jié)構(gòu)體系不規(guī)則引起的破壞、自然因素引起的墻體破壞、長(zhǎng)期使用引起的墻體破壞的方面。2、分析豎向壓力、高寬比、夯土材料對(duì)于生土房屋墻體的抗剪承載力的影響,由夯土墻體剪切破壞模式符合剪摩理論,建立承重夯土墻抗剪承載力計(jì)算公式,并從材料的選擇、墻體尺寸的選擇、構(gòu)造措施和施工工藝四個(gè)方面提出抗震措施建議。通過(guò)分析得到隨著豎向壓力的增大,墻體的抗剪承載力提高,但豎向壓力過(guò)大會(huì)出現(xiàn)以受壓破壞為主的剪壓破壞;高寬比較小時(shí),提高了墻體的抗剪承載力和穩(wěn)定性,高寬比較大時(shí),墻體的抗剪承載力低,容易出現(xiàn)側(cè)向傾斜坍塌;含水率變化越大,墻體產(chǎn)生的干縮裂縫越多,對(duì)其抗剪強(qiáng)度的削弱越明顯;夯土材料的粘聚力和內(nèi)摩擦角的增大,可以提高墻體的抗剪承載力。3、通過(guò)在不同生土材料外摻粘土石化劑,研究粘土石化劑對(duì)生土的壓實(shí)功能、抗剪強(qiáng)度和抗水性能的效果,并對(duì)含粘土石化劑的夯土墻體抗剪承載力建模,最后模擬抗剪試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證模擬的準(zhǔn)確性。試驗(yàn)表明隨著粘土石化劑摻量的增加,土體的最大干密度增大,最優(yōu)含水率降低,抗剪強(qiáng)度和抗水性相應(yīng)得到提高,黃土的效果優(yōu)于紅土,數(shù)值模擬顯示結(jié)果與實(shí)際試驗(yàn)值的誤差不超過(guò)10%,驗(yàn)證了模擬的正確性。4、通過(guò)有限元模擬在不同粘土石化劑摻量下和不同土樣的承重夯土墻受豎向荷載和水平剪切作用下的情況,研究墻體的力學(xué)性能和受荷變形。模擬發(fā)現(xiàn)摻粘土石化劑的墻體的抗剪強(qiáng)度高于素土墻體,且粘土石化劑對(duì)黃土墻體的抗剪強(qiáng)度提高效果優(yōu)于紅土墻體,對(duì)于墻體受荷變形,粘土石化劑有明顯的提高效果,黃土墻體優(yōu)于紅土墻體。
[Abstract]:The building with raw soil structure is a traditional architectural form with the longest application history and the most extensive distribution. It has a series of advantages such as local material, biodegradable regeneration, easy construction, low cost, outstanding thermal performance and low energy consumption and no pollution. It is of great significance to study the performance of the soil wall for the design and construction of the building with raw soil structure. Based on the literature and field investigation, this paper analyzes the failure characteristics and bearing capacity of the wall, discusses the influencing factors of the shear bearing capacity of the bearing wall, and puts forward the formula for calculating the shear bearing capacity of the bearing rammed earth wall. Aiming at the defects of mechanical properties and water resistance of raw soil materials, the mechanical properties of wall under horizontal shear were simulated by finite element method. The related work and conclusion are as follows: 1. Through the field investigation of the raw soil house wall in some parts of Sichuan province, the structure form, building material, construction technology and quality disease related data of the local village raw soil house wall are obtained. The structure form of raw soil wall has adobe wall and rammed earth wall. The rammed earth wall uses clay soil and soil mixed with sand, gravel and stone debris in building materials. The building techniques of the wall include rafter building method and plate building method. Its quality diseases are mainly reflected in the failure caused by uneven settlement of foundation and improper treatment of foundation, the failure caused by insufficient bearing capacity of wall under compression, the failure of wall caused by improper construction measures, and the damage caused by irregular structure system. Analysis of the influence of vertical pressure, aspect of wall damage caused by long-term use, ratio of vertical pressure, aspect of height to width and rammed earth material on shear capacity of raw soil house wall, According to the shear failure mode of rammed earth wall in accordance with the shear friction theory, a formula for calculating the shear bearing capacity of loadbearing rammed earth wall is established, and suggestions for seismic measures are put forward from four aspects: selection of materials, selection of wall size, construction measures and construction technology. The results show that the shear bearing capacity of the wall increases with the increase of vertical pressure, but the shear-compression failure is mainly caused by the compression failure when the vertical pressure is too high, and the shear bearing capacity and stability of the wall are improved when the ratio of height to width is small. When the height and width of the wall are large, the shear capacity of the wall is low, and the lateral inclined collapse is easy to occur, and the larger the change of moisture content, the more the dry shrinkage crack of the wall, and the more obvious the weakening of the shear strength of the wall. The increase of cohesive force and internal friction angle of rammed soil material can improve the shear bearing capacity of wall. By adding clay petrochemical agent into different raw soil materials, the compaction function, shear strength and water resistance of clay petrochemical agent to raw soil are studied. The shear bearing capacity of rammed earth wall with clay petrochemical agent was modeled and the shear resistance test was simulated to verify the accuracy of the simulation. The test results show that the maximum dry density of soil increases, the optimum moisture content decreases, the shear strength and water resistance increase with the increase of the amount of clay and petrochemical agent, and the effect of loess is better than that of red soil. The error between the numerical simulation results and the actual test value is not more than 10, which verifies the correctness of the simulation. The finite element method is used to simulate the vertical load and horizontal shear action of the rammed soil wall under different clay and petrochemical additives and different soil samples. The mechanical properties and loading deformation of the wall are studied. It is found that the shear strength of the wall mixed with clay petrochemical agent is higher than that of the plain soil wall, and the shear strength of the loess wall is better than that of the clay wall. Loess wall is superior to laterite wall.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU361

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