地下停車庫通風及排煙系統數值模擬
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-13 17:51
【摘要】：隨著我國經濟的快速發(fā)展以及人均收入的大幅度提高,越來越多的人擁有私家車,隨之而來的是更多的停車位。在一線和二線城市,土地十分緊張且價格異常昂貴,"停車難"現象隨處可見。為了解決這一問題,開發(fā)商開始建造地下停車庫。然而,地下空間一般是處于封閉或者半封閉的狀態(tài),很難進行通風換氣,再加上汽車在地下停車庫中產生的大量的污染物,這就需要選擇合適的通風方式來改善車庫的空氣品質,這其中伴隨著電力的消耗和大量的通風熱損失。除此之外,由于地下停車庫的相對封閉,一旦發(fā)生火災,后果非常嚴重,所以一個好的防排煙系統是非常有必要的。汽車在地下車庫處于怠速狀態(tài)時,主要污染物CO、HC、NOx的散發(fā)量的比例大約是7:1.5:0.2,所以CO的室內允許限值和汽車的CO排放量影響著車庫通風量的大小。而汽車處于啟動和怠速狀態(tài)時,CO的產生量受環(huán)境溫度的影響很大,所以在冬、夏季節(jié)應采取不同的通風策略。具體工作如下:(1)對地下停車庫自然通風進行CFD數值模擬,分別模擬出冬、夏季車庫典型斷面空氣的溫度場、濃度場、空氣齡以及速度的分布云圖等。可以看出:在冬季,由于車道口處有熱風幕,最低溫度在車道口與人行通道口處,最高溫度位于熱風幕出口處。CO濃度分布不均勻,離進風口較遠的豎井處的CO濃度高于離進風口較近的豎井。離進風較近的豎井的自然排風的風速大于離進風遠的豎井。除樓梯豎井風口的風速較大外,空氣幕附近的空氣流速較大,此處風速是由空氣幕送風與車道自然進風合成的速度�？諝恺g的分布與速度、CO濃度分布相符合,CO濃度大、空氣速度小的位置,空氣齡大,反之亦然。在夏季,車庫內的熱壓方向與冬季相反,夏季樓梯口形成的流速小于冬季,夏季車庫內空氣齡也大于冬季。車庫夏季的CO濃度、空氣齡大于冬季,夏季的自然通風量遠小于冬季,但對于車庫的CO濃度,冬夏季相差并不很大。(2)對七種不同型式機械通風組合系統進行CFD數值模擬,分別模擬出冬、夏季車庫典型斷面空氣的溫度場分布、速度場分布、CO濃度場分布、空氣齡分布云圖等。可以看出,誘導通風系統與其它較好的通風型式的效果比較沒有優(yōu)勢。(3)利用CFD模擬來分析哪種方法對火災排煙較為有利,取典型斷面來分析車庫內的煙氣與溫度的分布情況�？梢钥闯�,當火源位于500m2防煙分區(qū)中心時,兩種防煙分區(qū)的排煙型式的溫度、濃度分布較為接近。當火源位于2000m2車庫中心時,即火源遠離疏散口時,2000m2防煙分區(qū)的排煙效果比500m2防煙分區(qū)的排煙效果要好一些。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the increase of per capita income, more and more people own private cars, followed by more parking spaces. Land is tight and expensive in first-and second-tier cities, and parking is hard to find. In order to solve this problem, developers began to build underground parking garage. However, the underground space is generally in a closed or semi-closed state, it is difficult to carry out ventilation and ventilation, plus a large number of pollutants produced by cars in underground parking garage. This requires proper ventilation to improve the air quality of the garage, which is accompanied by electricity consumption and a large amount of ventilation and heat loss. In addition, because the underground parking garage is relatively closed, once the fire occurs, the consequences are very serious, so a good smoke control system is very necessary. When the car is in the idle state of the underground garage, the emission ratio of the main pollutant COC HCN NOx is about 7: 1.5: 0.2, so the indoor allowable limit of CO and the CO emission from the car affect the ventilation of the garage. However, the amount of CO production is greatly affected by the ambient temperature when the vehicle is in the state of start-up and idling, so different ventilation strategies should be adopted in winter and summer. The main works are as follows: (1) the CFD numerical simulation of natural ventilation of underground parking garage is carried out, and the temperature field, concentration field, air age and velocity distribution of typical section air in winter and summer are simulated respectively. It can be seen that in winter, due to the presence of hot air curtain at the vehicle entrance, the lowest temperature is at the crossing and pedestrian passage, and the highest temperature is located at the outlet of the hot air curtain. The CO concentration in the shaft far from the inlet is higher than that in the shaft near the inlet. The natural exhaust wind velocity of the shaft near the inlet wind is greater than that of the shaft far away from the incoming wind. The velocity of air near the air curtain is larger except the wind speed of the staircase shaft tuyere, where the wind speed is composed of the air curtain supply air and the natural air inlet of the driveway. The distribution of air age coincides with the distribution of CO concentration at the same time as the position where the concentration of CO is high and the velocity of air is small, and the air age is large and vice versa. In summer, the direction of hot pressing in the garage is opposite to that in winter. The velocity of velocity formed at the staircase in summer is smaller than that in winter, and the air age in summer is longer than that in winter. The CO concentration in the garage in summer is longer than that in winter, and the natural ventilation in summer is much smaller than that in winter, but there is no significant difference in CO concentration in winter and summer. (2) the CFD numerical simulation of seven different types of mechanical ventilation combination system is carried out. The distribution of temperature field, velocity field, CO concentration field and air age distribution of typical section of garage in winter and summer are simulated respectively. It can be seen that the effect of induced ventilation system is not superior to that of other better ventilation types. (3) CFD simulation is used to analyze which method is more beneficial to fire exhaust smoke, and the typical section is used to analyze the distribution of smoke and temperature in the garage. It can be seen that when the fire source is located in the center of the smoke control zone of 500m2, the distribution of temperature and concentration of the two smoke control zones is close. When the fire source is located in the center of the 2000m2 garage, that is, when the fire source is far away from the evacuation port, the smoke removal effect of the 2000m2 smoke control zone is better than that of the 500m2 smoke control zone.
【學位授予單位】：南京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU962
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the increase of per capita income, more and more people own private cars, followed by more parking spaces. Land is tight and expensive in first-and second-tier cities, and parking is hard to find. In order to solve this problem, developers began to build underground parking garage. However, the underground space is generally in a closed or semi-closed state, it is difficult to carry out ventilation and ventilation, plus a large number of pollutants produced by cars in underground parking garage. This requires proper ventilation to improve the air quality of the garage, which is accompanied by electricity consumption and a large amount of ventilation and heat loss. In addition, because the underground parking garage is relatively closed, once the fire occurs, the consequences are very serious, so a good smoke control system is very necessary. When the car is in the idle state of the underground garage, the emission ratio of the main pollutant COC HCN NOx is about 7: 1.5: 0.2, so the indoor allowable limit of CO and the CO emission from the car affect the ventilation of the garage. However, the amount of CO production is greatly affected by the ambient temperature when the vehicle is in the state of start-up and idling, so different ventilation strategies should be adopted in winter and summer. The main works are as follows: (1) the CFD numerical simulation of natural ventilation of underground parking garage is carried out, and the temperature field, concentration field, air age and velocity distribution of typical section air in winter and summer are simulated respectively. It can be seen that in winter, due to the presence of hot air curtain at the vehicle entrance, the lowest temperature is at the crossing and pedestrian passage, and the highest temperature is located at the outlet of the hot air curtain. The CO concentration in the shaft far from the inlet is higher than that in the shaft near the inlet. The natural exhaust wind velocity of the shaft near the inlet wind is greater than that of the shaft far away from the incoming wind. The velocity of air near the air curtain is larger except the wind speed of the staircase shaft tuyere, where the wind speed is composed of the air curtain supply air and the natural air inlet of the driveway. The distribution of air age coincides with the distribution of CO concentration at the same time as the position where the concentration of CO is high and the velocity of air is small, and the air age is large and vice versa. In summer, the direction of hot pressing in the garage is opposite to that in winter. The velocity of velocity formed at the staircase in summer is smaller than that in winter, and the air age in summer is longer than that in winter. The CO concentration in the garage in summer is longer than that in winter, and the natural ventilation in summer is much smaller than that in winter, but there is no significant difference in CO concentration in winter and summer. (2) the CFD numerical simulation of seven different types of mechanical ventilation combination system is carried out. The distribution of temperature field, velocity field, CO concentration field and air age distribution of typical section of garage in winter and summer are simulated respectively. It can be seen that the effect of induced ventilation system is not superior to that of other better ventilation types. (3) CFD simulation is used to analyze which method is more beneficial to fire exhaust smoke, and the typical section is used to analyze the distribution of smoke and temperature in the garage. It can be seen that when the fire source is located in the center of the smoke control zone of 500m2, the distribution of temperature and concentration of the two smoke control zones is close. When the fire source is located in the center of the 2000m2 garage, that is, when the fire source is far away from the evacuation port, the smoke removal effect of the 2000m2 smoke control zone is better than that of the 500m2 smoke control zone.
【學位授予單位】：南京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU962
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